Norms of Christian Theology

1. The sources and norms of Christian Theology I understand scripture, tradition, reason and experience as the sources and norms of Christian theology. Revealing the knowledge of God, guides us to know God, and inform our action and practice as believers, they are the sources as witnesses that points to the knowledge of God. At that same time, they are norms by which we can judge our understanding of God and correct our behaviors as children of God 2. Understanding of the source and norms Scripture is the witness of God’s revelation through Jesus Christ.This is crucial source not only to form academic study within Christianity, but to use in public worship, meditate the word of God, and transform Christians’ life and the world. There is New Testament and Old Testament. For a long time, putting the center as the point of Jesus Christ, church tradition considered that Old Testament point forward and New Testament point back to Jesus Christ. However, we need to understand that both of them are not only the account to testify of God saving action throughout history, but also the expectation of Christians’ hope confirmed by God.In terms of the Old Testament, it is important, first of all, because it reveals the essential characters of God who reveals in Christ: through the story of Israel, we can see God who is faithful, promised to his people, delivered them from bondage, and keep promising hope. Secondly, Old Testament also anticipates the same future with which New Testament anticipates. That is hope confirmed by God. The New Testament is important in that it tells Christ in different ways. It is not only story looking back, but that looking forward in which Christ will come again and God’s unfulfilled promise will be fulfilled.Tradition is the proclamation of the word of God in which believers in communities of faith understood, taught, preached, meditated, and shared the world of God at different ages with various ways. There are thr ee views of relevance of tradition. The first is magisterial view in which tradition as DUAL SOURCE has the same authority with scripture. In this view, scripture is the written form of apostolic witness of Jesus Christ, personal revelation and tradition is the oral form which is communicated hand out by apostles and witnesses generation to generation.The example is devotion to Mary, the central role of Bishop or Room. With Magisterial authority it has been very successful at maintaining the visible unity in church. However, it was challenged by Protestants to give the authority to only scripture. The second is diaconal (service) view in which tradition as ONE SOURCE subordinate to and measured by scripture. In this view, like Nicaea creed and Apostle Creed, does not communicate with the true of scripture, but hear in scripture and summarize it with new and fresh language.On balance, diaconal view seems to be best able to honor the past and the evangelical impulse to measure everyth ing against Scripture. However, it still gives us question where the tradition communicate in which the scripture silence? In this vein, Martin Luther who denies dual source view also did not agree with single source view. It is because that traditions treated with respect and values where the scripture silence and did not contradict scripture. The third view is diabolical in which tradition is dangerous and misleading.Insisting that only authority encountering revelation is through the word of God, Free Church and Baptist part of radical reformation have non creedal tradition. As a distinguish character of human beings, reason is a tool of thought that we use to understand. It question Christians if Christian faith is self-consist and it consist with other things we believe. There are three approaches to understand the relationship of reason to the knowledge of God. The first is that reason is no role to understand the knowledge of God.It is not necessary to be Christian faith self -consist. As a human instrument, there is no value at all in reason dealing with divine. Without reason, we simply believe. The second is that reason completely adequate to understand the world and God. According to this view, reason tells us everything reliable, and the fact that we can know about God is the fruit of reason. Enlightenment, Deism, Thomas Jefferson approached reason into a magisterial level. In this view, reason helps us to have consistency with the others we believe when they are reasonable.However, if there is conflict between reason and faith because faith is something beyond reason, this view couldn’t provide consistency. The third view is that reason is wonderful gift from God, relevant to things of the world, things of God. However, it is not sufficient for understanding things of the world and God. In this view, faith and reason is not a relationship of contradictory, but two wings of a bird, where reason provides first, faith provides second. Faith is root and reason is stem. Reason by itself is fully inadequate, but helps deepen our understanding of Scripture, tradition and ourselves.Experience is to experience God in personal life. It is not usually listed the source and norm of theology with other three (ex, Episcopal Church), but it is very typical in Methodist. Because it played very roles in different theology, it is interesting source and norm. McGrath suggests two models of experience. The first is that experience provides a foundational resource of Christian theology. It means that 1st hand encounter is the surest from of knowledge and self-explanatory; other things become more intelligible because of that experience.Second, theology is a framework to interpret human experience. In this view, experience is not capable of interpreting by itself, but interpreted by theology. For example, Wesley emphasized experiential dimension of Christian life and experiential faith. He thought his great experience reversed as tied up as a sense of joy and assurance in which the gospel became true for him. Lots of liberation theologian also interpreted their experience as hardship, injustice and oppression in light of God’s salvation through Jesus Christ.However, here is question, if experience becomes a identify mark and determined whether or not disciple, what happens feel more, less, or dried up? In addition, one’s experience can be revised and transformed. In that sense, Karl Barth said that experience is relevant, so not equally easy to receive the gospel. 3. Difficulty to understand scripture, tradition, reason and experience as norms and sources of theology As I mentioned in the beginning, scripture, tradition, reason and experience are the sources and norms of theology.As sources, they sustain Christians’ life so that their understanding and knowledge become nourish to know God. At the same time, by using them as norms, we can measure other testimonies. One of difficulty is that we easi ly want to make them norms; we are not accepting them as sources. We need to receive them as sources which inform our action and practice in Christ. 4. Relation with the personal word of God, Jesus Christ. In Barth’ three folds of the word of God, the center is the personal word of God, Jesus Christ. The second circle is apostolic witnesses about Jesus Christ.Then the third is proclamation in which literal word of God proclaims today through various ways and activities. Reflecting these four sources on the three folds of the word of God, scripture is witness of the personal word of God, Jesus Christ. Tradition is in between scripture and proclamation. It is because that tradition is witnesses of the personal word of God as well as proclamation of the word of God today. Finally, reason and experience have dimension of all three dimensions; scripture, tradition, and proclamations.

Fill in the Blank Summer Final Exam

Sociology 101 Fill in the Blank Summer Final Exam Directions: This 50 question exam covers Chapters 1 through 15 and is due no later than noon Friday, 7/29. Each question is worth 3 points for a total of 150 points for this exam. There could be as many as 3 words necessary for the answer. The answer will be counted incorrect if all words are not exact and spelled correctly. This is an open book exam, but please do not share answers with your classmates. Remember that the integrity of the learning environment requires our honesty. Provide the number and the answer only and post in the message box located below these questions. Be sure to click on Submit when finished. 1. The ability to see how our personal troubles are connected to public issues and social structures is called the sociological imagination. 2. Structural functionalism addresses the question of social organization or structures of society and how it is maintained or functions. 3. Value-free sociology concerns itself with establishing what is, not what ought to be. 4. Empirical research is research based on systematic, unbiased examination of evidence. 5. Manifest functions or dysfunctions are consequences of social structures that are intended or recognized. . Conflict theory addresses the points of stress and conflict in society and the ways in which they contribute to social change. 7. Symbolic interaction theory addresses the subjective meanings of human acts and the processes through which people come to develop and communicate shared meanings. 8. The experiment is a method of research strategy in which the researcher manipulates indepen dent variables to test theories of cause and effect. 9. Social-desirability bias is the tendency of people to color the truth so that they sound more desirable and socially acceptable than they really are. 0. Replication is the repetition of empirical studies by another researcher or with different samples to see if the same results occur. 11. Content analysis refers to the systematic examination of documents of any sort. 12. The way of life shared by members of a community that includes language, values, symbolic meanings, technology and material objects is called culture. 13. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to judge other cultures according to the norms and values of our own culture. 14. Cultural relativity requires that each cultural trait be evaluated in the context of its own culture. 5. Cultural diffusion is the process by which aspects of one culture or subculture are incorporated into another. 16. Norms associated with fairly strong ideas of right and wrong that carry a moral connotation are called mores. 17. Counterculture are groups whose values, beliefs, interests, and lifestyles conflict with those of the larger culture. 18. Assimilation is the process through which individuals learn and adopt the values and social practices of the dominant group, sometimes giving up their own values in the process. 19. When one part of culture (usually technology) changes more rapidly than another, sociologists call this cultural lag. 20. The process of learning the roles, statuses, and values necessary for participation in social institutions is called socialization. 21. The process of learning to view ourselves as we think others view us is called the looking-glass self. 22. Primary socialization is personality development and role learning that occurs during early childhood. 23. An institution is an enduring social structure that meets basic human needs. 24. Dramaturgy is a version of symbolic interaction that views social situations as scenes manipulated by the actors to convey the desired impression to the audience. 25. The norm of reciprocity is the expectation that people will return favors and strive to maintain a balance of obligation in social relationships. 26. McDonaldization is the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurants–efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control—are coming to dominate more sectors of American society. 27. Anomie is a situation in which the norms of society are unclear or no longer applicable to current conditions. 8. Differential association theory says that people learn to be deviant when more of their associates favor deviance than favor conformity. 29. Stratification is the institutionalized pattern of inequality in which social statuses are ranked on the basis of their access to scarce resources. 30. The world-systems theory is a conflict perspective of the ec onomic relationships between developed and developing countries, the core and peripheral societies. 31. Environmental racism refers to the disproportionately large number of health and environmental risks that minorities face daily in their neighborhoods and workplaces. 2. Double jeopardy means having low status on two different dimensions of stratification. 33. Sexism is a belief that men and women have biologically different capacities and that these form a legitimate basis for unequal treatment. 34. The manufacturers of illness are groups that promote and benefit from deadly behaviors and social conditions. 35. Marriage is an institutionalized social structure that provides an enduring framework for regulating sexual behavior and childbearing. 36. Propinquity is spatial nearness. 7. Exogamy means choosing a mate from outside one's own racial, ethnic, or religious group. 38. The hidden curriculum is the underlying cultural messages that schools teach to socialize young people into obedience and conformity. 39. Tracking occurs when evaluations made relatively early in a child's career determine the educational programs the child will be encouraged to follow. 40. Secularization is the process of transferring things, ideas, or events from the sacred realm to the nonsacred, or secular, realm. 41. The Protestant Ethic refers to the belief that work, rationalism, and plain living are moral virtues, whereas idleness and indulgence are sinful. 42. Authoritarian systems are political systems in which the leadership is not selected by the people and legally cannot be changed by them. 43. The power elite comprises the people who occupy the top positions in three bureaucracies—the military, industry, and the executive branch of government—and who are thought to act together to run the United States in their own interests. 44. Capitalism is the economic system based on competition, in which most wealth (land, capital, and labor) is private property, to be used by its owners to maximize their own gain and profit. 45. Socialism is an economic structure in which productive tools (land, labor, and capital) are owned and managed by the workers and used for the collective good. 46. Alienation occurs when workers have no control over the work process or the product of their labor. 47. Collective behavior is spontaneous action by groups in situations where cultural rules for behavior are unclear. 48. A social movement is an ongoing, goal-directed effort to fundamentally challenge social institutions, attitudes, or ways of life. 49. Relative-deprivation theory argues that social movements arise when people experience an intolerable gap between their expectations and the rewards they actually receive. 50. Frame alignment is the process used by a social movement to convince individuals that their personal interests, values, and beliefs are complementary to those of the movement. Instructions: Enter or paste your written work and/or click â€Å"Attachments† to upload your files.

Bless me ultima research paper Essay

Antonio does not give up his dream of being a priest, even though is severely disappointed by the Catholic religion. He becomes a different kind of spiritual leader, one his people are not quite ready to accept. In a dream, Antonio cries out to Jesus as he suffers on the cross: â€Å"My God, my God, why have you forsaken me! † (Anaya, 233). He is unable to fully believe in either Catholicism or curanderismo and consequently decides to combine the two different perspectives to gain his own answers. Antonio ultimately becomes â€Å"a man of learning† as Ultima had predicted. He acquires knowledge and understanding along the way to maturity. Antonio appreciates that life is naturally ever changing. He accepts his parents’ flaws as well as his brothers’ sins. He realizes the extent of prejudice and accepts that others, too, are not firm in their beliefs, while recognizing his own sins. The duality of Western and Chicano cultures in his heritage is another conflict Antonio must resolve. The author represents three different acculturations: assimilation, integration and rejection (Black, 146). According to Black, Antonio’s brothers â€Å"are assimilated into the Anglo world in ways that result in their desire to leave la familia and move into the dominant cultural sphere†; because they reject their heritage, they lose their culture (149). Antonio does a better job of assimilating his ethnic identity with Angle culture through adaptation: â€Å"†¦the innocence which our isolation sheltered could not last forever, and the affairs of the town began to reach across our bridge and enter my life† (Anaya, 14). Antonio begins his assimilation in school. He retains his heritage by speaking Spanish and eating his traditional Chicano lunch â€Å"of hot beans and some good, green chile wrapped in tortillas† (Anaya, 54). Although, as he says, â€Å"the other children saw my lunch [and] they laughed and pointed again†, the experience reminded him of the existence of prejudice (Anaya, 54). It makes him feel different until he finally finds friends who share his Chicano roots and he is able to overcome his loneliness. This also helps him to realize that he can live in both worlds. Antonio strives to learn English and stay in school, in direct contrast to the rest of his family. At home, he is educated about Chicano culture through Ultima’s teachings. She urges him to appreciate the beauty of the land and embrace the ancient wisdom of curanderas. His family are the instructors in such things as personal integrity and the Chicano way of life. Belief in myth as opposed to the reality presented by history also create a conflict in Antonio. According to Lamadrid, there is an important relation between myth and the socio-cultural identity of traditional Chicanos (497). He uses examples such as that of la llorona (wailing woman) to define myth as the â€Å"collective interpretation and mediation of the contradictions in the historical and ecological experience of a people† (Lamadrid, 496). This assertion becomes clear in examining Antonio’s representation of evil and native power; he believes La llorona is luring him, but he resists and escapes death. Ultimately, Antonio learns to accept that life is the greater reality and understands â€Å"the tragic consequences of life can be overcome by the magical strength that resides in the human heart† (Anaya, 237). He remembers Ultima’s teachings, which help him to â€Å"take life’s experiences and build strength from them and not weakness† (Anaya, 248). As de Mancelos states, Antonio must â€Å"understand the other side of the myth, the legends, the indigenous beliefs and the power of the earth† as well as more traditional religious beliefs (5). An apocalyptic event – the development of the first atomic bomb for use in World War II combat – juxtaposes with Antonio’s increasing awareness. According to Lamadrid, â€Å"the awareness of the characters of the apocalyptic threat of the atomic bomb†¦demonstrates a real and historical dimension of apocalypse† (500). Upon its arrival, the village women dress in mourning clothes, assert that the bomb resembles â€Å"a ball of white heat beyond the imagination, beyond hell† and lay the blame on ignorant Anglos: â€Å"Man was not made to know so much†¦they compete with God, they disturb the seasons, they seek to know more than God Himself. In the end, that knowledge they seek will destroy us all† (Anaya, 183). The village witnesses the loss of a large number of husbands and sons during the war while the state hosts the very first test of the atomic bomb. Even Antonio is affected as his brothers return from service traumatized. According to the villagers, these are all signs of an apocalypse requiring â€Å"the need for a synthesis†¦in this new time of crisis† (Lamadrid, 500). Antonio is fortunate enough to create his own synthesis by continuing his ties to the desert and La Virgen de Guadalupe, la llorona and the brotherhood of the golden carp. His cultural conflicts are settled because of his synchronicity with Ultima’s belief that the purpose of his life is to do good. Her final blessing, â€Å"Always have the strength to live. Love life, and if despair enters your heart, look for me in the evenings when the wind is gentle and the owls sing in the hills† are the words he will live by(Anaya, 247). Antonio’s maturity comes as the result of completing a journey which alternately takes him away from, and then back to, his heritage. The conflicts of warring factions in his life cause him to question the values and beliefs of each and come up with his own explanation. Rather than refusing his heritage, Antonio fuses the differences and acquires a richness of experience and strength of character. Along with this new understating, Antonio looks forward to a future based on the past but open to new possibilities – a mature outlook indeed. Works Cited Anaya, Rudolfo. Bless Me Ultima. New York: Warner Books, 1999. Black, Debra B. â€Å"Times of Conflict: Bless Me, Ultima as a Novel of Acculturation†. Bilingual Review, Vol. 25 (2), 2000, pp. 146-159. de Mancelos, Joao. â€Å"Witchcraft, Initiation, and Cultural Identity in Rudolfo Anaya’s Bless Me, Ultima†. Revista de Letras, serie II, #3, 2004. 129-134. Lamadrid, Enrique R. â€Å"Myth as the Cognitive Process of Popular Culture in Rudolfo Anaya’s Bless Me, Ultima†: The Dialectics of Knowledge. Hispania, Vol. 68, No. 3 (Sep. 1985), pp. 496-501. Stone, Dan. â€Å"An Interview with Rudolfo Anaya†. National Endowment for the Arts: The Big Read. January 4, 2007. Retrieved October 15, 2008 from the NEA website: http://www. neabigread. org/books/blessmeultima/anaya04_about. php. University of New Mexico. â€Å"Writing the Southwest: Rudolfo Anaya†. Retrieved October 15, 2008 from the UNM website: http://www. unm. edu/~wrtgsw/anaya. html.

If the demand for corn increases due to its use as an alternative Research Paper

If the demand for corn increases due to its use as an alternative energy source, what will happen to the supply of corn's substi - Research Paper Example One would have expected the price of corn to decrease due to the increase in the quantity demanded, but this is a different and special case. The increase in the demand for corn would also lead to an increase in the price of corn oil as suppliers would want to take advantage of the market scenario by maximizing their profits. Suppliers are aware that consumers have no choice than to make use of corn as an alternative source of energy and they would increase the price. Thus, the increase in the demand of corn and the price of corn oil have a linear relationship in this case. In a typical scenario, the price elasticity of demand for corn oil would have an effect on the quantity-demanded of corn oil (O'Sullivan & Perez, 2010). Initially, people would buy the commodity and the suppliers would make good use of the rapid increase in demand by increasing the price. This increase in price would have an initial multiplying effect on the total revenue made by the sellers of corn oil. This incr ease in price would make cause people to look for other alternatives and when they eventually find another alternative, they would have no choice than to reduce the rate at which they demand for corn and choose the close substitutes (Jones, 2008).

Accessible Virtual Classroom For Visually Impaired Students Literature review

Accessible Virtual Classroom For Visually Impaired Students - Literature review Example It is easy to see why the concept of a virtual classroom appeals to a lot of people. It’s usually much cheaper than the regular schooling system and provides much more flexibility when it comes to learning and applying the knowledge. A common complaint levied against the traditional schooling system is that the students have no flexibility in following the curriculum, ie, all students are expected to follow at the same pace as that set by the teacher. However, each student has his or her own learning style and speed, which is especially marked for students who are at the either extreme of the IQ spectrum. Virtual classrooms remove this restriction by letting each student access and process the information according to their unique customized rate. Also, every pupil receives a fair amount of individual attention, which is not possible in a traditional classroom environment. The concept of a virtual classroom is also valuable to people who are in geographically or economically inaccessible parts of the world. It might not be possible to have a school for a community of a few people that are perched in a mountainous area or a desert region. Further, students who are physically disabled such as paraplegics or the mentally challenged can often still experience a conventional education as part of a virtual classroom setup. It is also seen that virtual classrooms are becoming popular for higher education purposes – where this was initially developed.... However, the purpose of this paper is to explore and study if these classrooms are also tailored to meet the demands of the visually challenged population. The visually impaired are traditionally at a disadvantage when it comes to computers and online resources such as the internet – because the mode of data transfer in these media is through sight. If this handicap can be overcome, online classes can be a great resource for the blind as they can empower themselves through the wealth of online educational resources available. Much is yet to done, but several important progresses have already been achieved to this extent. Tactile and Haptic devices have made great inroads into the education of the blind. It needs to be explored in greater detail how several of the successful virtual classrooms have addressed the specific needs of this community. Virtual classrooms are a multimodal information transfer environment. It combines the features of a web conference and video – audio conference. The device applications and multimodal sensitivity are the results of the combined benefits of several web applications such as email, chat, screen sharing, polling, web conference rooms, video – audio chats, telephone conference and so on. Before the question of the usability of virtual classrooms for the visually impaired in analyzed, it would be instrumental to analyze the specific features of a virtually information transfer environment. This is attempted in the next section where each of these features are considered in some detail. Features of a Virtual Classroom The following are the key features of a virtual classroom. 1) Real time audio and video Real time audio and

Poem To Elsie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poem To Elsie - Essay Example The diction is often general and seemingly flaccid; "devil-may-care men who have taken / to railroading / out of sheer lust of adventure," or "young slatterns, bathed / in filth." Its major focus is the speaker himself, who sums up in swift, passionate, and broken utterance the human condition in which he participates. (Axelrod, Roman, Travisano, 86-87) Along the texture of the development of the poem the gradual ascendancy evokes enlightened pastures when it says "some doctor's family, some Elsie/voluptuous water/expressing with broken/brain the truth about us/her great ungainly hips and flipping breasts/addressed to cheap /jewelry/and rich young men with fine eyes/ as if the earth under our feet/were/an excrement of some sky", the poem describes Elsie's body and alert us that the female body linked to the hierarchies of the country, the class and the gender in the culture. (Axelrod, Roman, Travisano, 86-87) Like most of William Carlos Williams's poems 'To Elsie' is revealed in a formation of translucent transparency which in retrospect is represented in the most punctual truthfulness to the point of honesty. In this context it should be remembered that the Williams poems are uniquely honest towards itself and they reveal everything that is possibly expressible though words. This honesty in words is deeply felt when Williams narrates in the last lines of the poem almost in a circumstantial detached mood. "It is only in isolate flecks that / something / is given off / No one / to witness / and adjust, no one to drive the car. (Axelrod, Roman, Travisano, 87) It is so evident in these lines that the poet is viewing the whole scenario as a circumspect manner with a mood of watching the whole expressions as a passive watcher. Going through the lines of the poem 'To Elisie' I was able to feel the pain of the poet is transmitted into the readers' mind through a contour of expressions expressed not only in an honest but in an extremely informative manner. This is because the poet is willing to take himself away from the present scenario as if as a mode of protest against the then present situation which was far from his socialist sense of utopia. (Matterson, 29) This formation of the poem and the way it builds up from a rather unemotional scenario into words describing the common plight as Americans, at least the America of his time reflects the psyche of the poet time and again throughout the poem with such line that says "as if the earth under our feet/were/an excrement of some sky". It could be found that these are the things which destroy the American dream of the poet's time. Until he can force his imagination to take account of and establish his contact with his own, local, instead of letting himself strain after the other where of "deer / going by fields of goldenrod," until such a time, the American is doomed to go crazy. (Axelrod, Roman, Travisano, 86-87) Structurally speaking, I felt the form is directly derived from the optimistic philosophy of the life itself thereby placing the entire poem in a simplistic format that blends flawlessly with the apparent simplicity of the poem. To me, theoretically, Williams's poems are placed in the other side of the coin that is used by the poets like T.S.

International Business continutes to increase inexorably and the World Essay

International Business continutes to increase inexorably and the World Trade Organisation supports this by encouraging countries - Essay Example Additionally, the WTO has sought to realize objectives such as global economic integration and increase in global incomes. However, the WTO quest to promote free trade has encountered various challenges. These challenges include countries that trade under protectionist policies other countries have refused to open their economies totally. Despite the handicaps, WTO has accomplished some of its objectives. This is because there has been a gradual rise in the global trade (Bradford 2003, p. 30). WTO has sought to enhance free trade by campaigning that nations trade freely. However, it has not accomplished the above objective. This is because numerous nations have adopted various protectionist policies that have prevented free and fair trade. Additionally, bodies such as European Union have sought to protect their constituent nations by barring entry of certain comedies to this region. However, the political and trading block has also increased trade among its nations. Protectionism is the key hindrance to free trade in the world. UK has adopted various policies that prevent free trade. Some of the policies entail massive taxation, quotas and total ban. The adoption of such policies by nations has resulted from various reasons. Such reason primarily relates the saturation of the economy with cheap products that have pricing advantages. Despite the phenomenal trade increases that would occur on the elimination of protectionism, there would be negative economic implications. Countries would lose some of their sectors owing to importation of certain products into their economy (Bradford & Lawrence 2004). There are countries such as China, India and Brazil that produces certain products at lower cost owing to low expenditure of labour and other inputs. Exporters from such countries would have a competitive edge over most producers globally. Therefore, nations that experience higher cost in the production of similar goods would encounter reduced clientele. The cheap pr oducts would floods markets globally. As such, manufacturer in countries such as UK may suffer owing to flooding of the economy with such goods. The local industry in these nations would suffer greatly owing to free trade. Conversely, nations producing items at low cost would have a massive competitive advantage over their rivals. This would result in economic prosperity of such nations. Protectionist policies enacted by the UK government seek to protect its producers who are vulnerable to products subsidized by global powerhouses. This has been the key justification for the protectionist policies. Despite the justification by leading nations for enacting such policies, it is evident that they have been the key hindrance to free and fair trade. Leading nations incur higher cost since they pay higher remuneration. As such, their firms incur higher costs. This translates to higher prices. Irrespective of the quality of such product, they can compete with other gods owing to pricing. T he above reason is solid for enacting protectionist policies (Chorev 2007, p.45). Free trade would increase entry of goods in all nations. As such, some of the industry would close down as detailed above since they cannot survive competition on the global front. The closure of these industries would culminate in job losses. One the key concerns of government is unemployment. If the government allows free trade, then there will be substantial job losses. Any government that would

Immortality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Immortality - Essay Example The influence of immortality has had a basis in human society for thousands and thousands of years. Whereas many people will fantasise about the idea that our physical bodies may surpass their lifespan, it is now universally accepted that no one can live forever (in the physical sense); yet the debate as to whether there is some essence, namely the human soul, that 'lives on' after our physical body has passed away continues to fuel much debate. Thousands of years ago the search for the Philosopher's Stone, a red coloured compound which was believed to greatly prolong human life, as well as turn metal into gold (and thus bring wealth as well as long life), became the holy grail of the medieval world. Buddhism in particular places much emphasis on the belief that our 'essence' moves from creature to creature through reincarnation, that we are reborn into a new body each time our physical one dies, and that our actions in the last body determine which new body we are put into. Christia nity, unlike Buddhism believes that our actions in this life determine whether we spend the rest of eternity in Heaven of Hell. There are many people who will then go on to argue that if a person does not go to Heaven or Hell, they will become trapped in Limbo, wandering 'in between' the astral planes. Christian beliefs seem to have derived a lot from the teachings of Plato, be it that the changed Gods to God. The fact that immortality has played such an integral role in society and religion raises many questions. It begs an answer to the question 'what is motivating people to look for things (namely religious beliefs and actual objects, such as the Philosopher's Stone), that will secure their immortality Why do people want to live forever' Moving on from this question then we can ask 'are religious systems and people in powerful positions manipulating people's belief (particularly in the immortality of the soul, and hence the fate of it after death), in immortality to control their actions' A King, for example in medieval England could use the Church as a vehicle for ensuring that all his subjects obey his every order. Yes, it was believed that a King had 'divine right,' but were these 'rights' believed to be from God or were they a creation of the Monarchy, or an age old belief that the monarchy had corrupted The King could easily have, and did, punish heretics, using their deaths as a warning to others that if they too committed heresy their souls would be damned to hell, because an insult to the King is an insult to God himself.It follows from this that I am sceptical of the idea that the soul will ascend or descend to its Christian resting place. Whilst I too humour the idea of the soul, I find myself drawn towards the idea of reincarnation. Perhaps it is my ego, yet as I sit and think, I cannot help but recall the teachings of Hume. He stated that we could never know our 'true self,'1 be that our soul or something else, because all we can ever experience (Hume was a renowned advocate of Empiricism2), is our perceptions. I am aware that I am constantly in a 'perceptive state' (thinking, reasoning, unconsciously or consciously), I cannot see how

Social AND Environmental Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Social AND Environmental Accounting - Assignment Example Each group has its own interests; these interests are directly or indirectly affected by the activities of the companies. These stakeholders are; local communities, environmental groups such as Friends of Earth and Greenpeace, media, political and other pressure groups. Additionally, the impacts of companies’ activities have considerably increased. In the recent history, the mismanagement of oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico by British Petroleum (BP) has unmasked the dirty and unethical corporate practices exist; and their existence can seriously undermine the life of stakeholders. For example, BP is heavily fined over its mismanagement of oil spill. Is that fine going to bring back the same kind of environment that existed before the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico? Is the damage to the environment ever being repaired to its pre-oil spill level? Can we fully understand the total impacts of the oil spill over the sea life? In this single environmental disaster at the hands of BP , the entire sea life may face a threat of extinction since it is not possible at this point of time to fully comprehend the short term and long term impacts left by this environmental disaster. ... While ensuring the corporate objectives, many companies do not give much consideration to the current and potential negative effects of their activities. Due to the recent pressures from the governments, local communities and from the environmental groups, many companies produce the reports on corporate social responsibility and sustainability reporting. In which, companies mention their positive and negative impacts of their activities on social and environmental stakeholders: They try to be transparent and accountable for their activities. In their sustainability and environmental reporting, the companies also describe their current policies towards social and environmental issues. In order to show off that they care for the social and environmental stakeholders, they mention in their sustainability reporting about their current and future investments with an aim of reducing their negative impacts over society and environment. However, many critics such as Friedman (1970), find no reason to believe on their genuine and realistic resolve towards mitigating their impacts as the companies are only established to serve the objectives of their shareholders which is to increase profits for them. Their only social responsibility is to increase the wealth of their shareholders Friedman (1970); at the end of the day, they are accountable to them not to society. In the subsequent parts of this essay, first environmental accounting, and its different types are included and critical analysis is included subsequently. Environmental accounting Environmental accounting has considerably evolved and received significant attention in the field of accounting after the work of the Gray in the year of 1990(Elkington,1993). Many

Strategic Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Strategic Information Systems - Essay Example In the contemporary business setting, the ERP program is important as it can coordinate and organize all transactions taking place and the employee database and performance. Managing the work force especially in medium and large organizations is tasking and the introduction of ERP systems ensures follow up and implementation of polices where necessary (Axtell, 2001). Managing the organization in terms of the internal and external aspects becomes easier with an ideal ERP system. Apple Inc. has enjoyed improved and less hectic management processes that have enhanced good employer-employee relationships.  Another importance of the ERP systems in the contemporary organizations is that old systems of resource planning often wasted a lot of organization’s time and resources. This was due to the challenges of time, communication and coordination (Axtell, 2001). The long chain of communication lengthened the time taken to produce affective as compared to the modern ERPO systems. App le Inc. is a company that employed the ERP system to eliminate the unnecessary formalities that came in the way of ideal production and delivery. Recording of data in the company and retrieval of the same is now instant with employment of ERP systems that are powered by technology (Doloreux, 2010). Apple is proud of its association with the ERP idea that has enabled the company to soar to unprecedented heights through a wide market share and an improved brand image.Enterprise resource planning is described as computer based systems.

Energy and Environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Energy and Environment - Research Paper Example More than two-thirds of Americans (67%) agree that there is solid evidence that the earth’s temperatures have been increasing over the last decades. Despite a majority of Americans acknowledging the existence of global warming phenomenon, substantial partisan differences over climate change generated along party lines exist. Eighty-four percent of Democrats believe that there is solid evidence of global warming compared with only 46% of Republicans. The Republicans are greatly divided over the issue than Democrats (Pew Research Center 1). Only 25% of Tea Party Republicans agree that there is solid evidence of global warming and only 61% of non-Tea Party Republicans. Among the adults who say that there is solid evidence of the earth warming, 44% intimate that global warming is caused by human activities, 18% believe that the phenomenon is due to natural patterns in the earth’s environment, and 4% do not know. The opinions of Republicans and Republican-leaning parties are divided into four roughly equal quadrants. Twenty-five percent see no solid evidence of global warming and hence are convinced that it just not happening; 23% agree that there is solid evidence of global warming, and it is caused by human activity while 19% say global warming is happening, and it is caused by natural activities in the earth’s environment; 20% believe there is no solid evidence of warming of earth due to possession of minimal knowledge (Pew Research Center 1). Democrats are less divided over global warming as compared to Republicans.

The deve1opment of the idea of Holy War Essay Example for Free

The deve1opment of the idea of Holy War Essay To what extent was the violence in Western society the MAIN reason for the deve1opment of the idea of Holy War? Violence in Western society was definitely a prominent factor in the culmination of the concept of Holy War. However, it is subjective to say that it was the most prominent. The growing influence and power of the Catholic Church was possibly the most pivotal factor in its development, as-over time-it was able to channel and unify the belligerents of Western Europe against a common, somewhat faceless, enemy. The role of the Church in the development of Holy War stretches far back before the ninth century, particularly in the writings of the celebrated scholar St. Augustine of Hippo (d. 430). Augustines writings-which set out to articulate and understand when Christians were allowed to resort to acts of violence-came at a time when Christian morality and doctrine were refined according to the needs and mental attitudes of the time, particularly considering the vacuum created by the disappearance of Roman imperial authority. His attempt to reconcile the violence seen in everyday life with the customary pacifism of Christianity is referred to as the concept of the just war, which argues that violence can be morally justified under very specific conditions. Delving into the notion of what constituted a just war itself, Augustine focused on the notion of charity, stating the holy war seeks to bring back lapsed or heretical brethren into the fold of the Church, to save their souls if not their bodies. Augustines definition of just war would set a theological standard for defining European holy wars throughout the Crusade era. The Truce and Peace of God was also a crucial factor in the development of Holy War. During the tenth and eleventh centuries, the movements gave knights within Europe a more direct ecclesiastical purpose through the development of the idea of chivalry. By toning violence with a much more moral and defensive inflection-a war in the service of the weak-and by adding the religious oaths of fealty to the feudal act of homage, churchmen did their utmost to Christianize feudal society in general and to set limits on feudal violence in particular. The ultimate goal of the Truce and Peace of God was the creation of peace leagues, led by secular lords who would join together to maintain the peace and punish those who contravened their oaths by engaging in violent acts outside the set terms. Through the Peace of God movement the Church was starting to gain authority for deciding what constituted a just war, and is a chief example from the Church of its growing attempts to set the parameters fo r violence to better suit Christian ideals and purposes. The imagery and language of the Church also changed in relation to the rise of Christian militarism. Sayings and phrases such as miles Christi (soldiers of Christ,) that had been in use since the New Testament were used to describe laymen, especially armed warriors who supported papal policies. Monks, to whom the term miles Christi was originally applied could not, even in this period, bear arms or fight. Instead, it would be the warriors of the First Crusade who would adopt many of the spiritual goals and some of the ascetic exercises characteristic of monks.[4] The evolution of the Church during the tenth and eleventh centuries evolved through the taking up of a more combative quality and by latching it onto a religious doctrine that was already in existence. This was an essential factor in the cultural acclimation of Europeans to a revised concept of Holy War. As the role of the Church in society began to increase during the tenth and eleventh centuries, conceptions of Holy War changed to reflect the new aspirations of the medieval papacy. Evoking the imagery of martyrdom, the idea of suffering for ones religion to the point of death, Pope Alexander II granted to the Christian knights in Spain a remission of the penance required for their sins. This concept of absolution for soldiers portrays a pivotal shift in papal policy, namely by the introduction of clemency for soldiers fighting in a war deemed holy or just. In conclusion, violence in Western society was undoubtedly a contributory factor in the development of Holy War, but it was the cunning of the Catholic Church that created the final result. From successfully exploiting the contradictions found within the Old Testament, to glorifying warfare with the promise of the eternal reward, the Church tailored the concept of war in alignment with Christian tenets and ideals; an ideology that would come to form the bedrock of the Crusades.

AirAsia Berhad (AirAsia) | Analysis

AirAsia Berhad (AirAsia) | Analysis Introduction AirAsia Berhad (AirAsia) is one of the leading low cost airlines in South East Asia which has expanded rapidly since 2001. The company is based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and has successfully positioned itself in customers mind through the simple slogan Now Everyone Can Fly (AirAsia, 2009). The company is currently valued at approximately RM2.7 billion and has a total of 60 aircrafts that fly to over 50 domestic and international destinations with over 400 domestic and international flights daily (Euromonitor International, 2009). The operation for the short and long haul are handled by AirAsia and its sister company, AirAsia X Sdn Bhd (AirAsia X). AirAsia aims to establish itself as a leading low cost carrier in market by valuing its customers through cost advantages created by operational effectiveness and efficiency. More customers are able to fly taking into consideration the low fare charges as AirAsia capture segments of customers that previously could not afford the airlines fare. Whether the strategy exploits the companys key resources Each organisation is unique in terms of it resources and capabilities and the key to success merely depend on its ability to find or create a competence that is distinctive (Teece et.al.,1997). The Resource Based View (RBV) combines two perspectives, the internal analysis of phenomena within an organisation and an external analysis of the industry and its competitive environment (Collis and Montgomery, 1995). It goes beyond the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis by integrating internal and external perspectives. The ability of an organisations resources to present competitive advantages could not be determine without taking into considerations the boarder competitive concept. Barney (1995) indicated that organisations resources and capabilities must be evaluated in terms of value, rarity, imitability or non-substitutability (VRINE model). The value of the resources and capabilities interacts with the market sources and will differ based on time and industry. The three fundamental market forces; scarcity, demand and appropriability determines the value of a resources and capabilities (Collis and Montgomery, 1995). In order to answer the question of value, organisation could identify whether the resources and capabilities are able to meet market demand. As for AirAsia, the organisation relies on its human resources and management capabilities wherein these two components have satisfied the value requirement as it has been able to meet the demand for the Low Cost Carrier (LCC) market. The resources and capabilities own by AirAsia are homogenous in the market however aspect such as work culture and innovative routes differs it from the competitors. In applying the RBV concept, AirAsia has a competitive parity based on its valuable and not rare resources and capabilities. Immitability is something generic in the airline in dustry as aircraft, fast turnarounds time and others are easily duplicate. One of AirAsias imitable characteristics is path dependency wherein a characteristics of resources is developed and/or accumulated through a unique series of time. AirAsias work culture of openness between employees as well as the leadership from its Chief Executive Officer is something have been built up over a period of time which is difficult to duplicate. Moreover, the high capital requirement for market entry is another factor that leads to difficulty to imitate the resources and capabilities. It is undeniable that the said resources and capability be imitated as competitors will identify the same however it will take time and meanwhile, AirAsia gain the competitive advantages. Having a control and exploiting the resources and capabilities provides competitive advantages to the organizations (Carpenter and Sanders, 2009). AirAsia has exploited it resources and capabilities which is shown in the financial performance. AirAsia has gradually increased its performance throughout the years. AirAsias s net profit for the 3rd quarter of 2009 totalled RM130 million ($38.4 million) which is sustained by rising passenger numbers and income from add-on services. The profit achieved was a turnaround from a RM466 million ($137 million) net loss in the same period last year (www.airasia.com). The fit of the strategy to current industry conditions The competitive environment consists of many factors that are particularly relevant to an organisations strategy. Analysing the external environment particularly the industry is a starting point for firms to develop a strategy. Porters five forces include the overall structure rather than focusing to any one element. However the forces are not stagnant which tendency to change may occur. AirAsia operates within the airline industry and forces that are driven in the industry would identify the strength and weaknesses of the organisation. There is potential market in the Asia for LCC due to the rapid economic and disposable incomes growth. Infrastructure such as high speed trains and highways has yet to meet the high standard level and therefore customers tend to choose the air as mode of transportation. Hence, threats of substitutes are low as the geographical structure of Asia has made air travel the viable, efficient and convenient mode of transportation. Looking into this scenario, AirAsia entered the airline industry concentrating on the LCC and noted that at the initial stage there were less rivalry but as the industry grows, the rivalry among established firms become higher partly due to price issues. AirAsias main competitors are Firefly, Tiger Airways and Jetstar Asia. Knowing the said changes, AirAsia applied the adaptation process (Hanan Freeman, 1984) by expanding its operation to long haul services to various destinations. Moreover, AirAsia realise the price is destructive and try to avoid direct price c ompetition and try to create a friendly competition environment. As there is positive growth in the airline industry, full service airline carriers have refocused its operation related to costs and yields as it is seen as a requirement to maintain profitability (Graham and Vowles, 2006). There is possibility of new entrance by other LCC which creates further competition in the industry. For example, Firefly set up by Malaysia Airline System Berhad is a part of LCC industry in Malaysia that has adapted AirAsias low cost concept. However, it would not be a threat to AirAsia as Hanan Freeman (1984) highlighted it is difficult to imitate as tacit amount of knowledge is required on the targeted firm. The high capital requirement and government barriers air service agreement can act as barriers to entry. Due to significant growth within the industry, demand for additional aircraft has increased and suppliers will be in a powerful position. It was reported that Asia accounts for 40% of new aircraft orders for Boeing and Airbus and seat capacity on LCC worldwide has more than doubled in the past four years (Shameem, 2006). Due to few players, Boeing and Airbus and lack of competition in the market, the bargaining power of suppliers are low. Consequently there is not much competition in terms of pricing occurring between the two companies so an airline carrier will have to accept an offer from one of the suppliers. The bargaining power for buyers is low as there is no room to bargain for cheaper tickets as AirAsia provides the lowest price compared to other carriers. The biggest threats for AirAsia are the rivalry and risk of entry with the existing and potential competitors. LCC business is viable and there is healthy profitability provided AirAsia continuously improves itself and is flexible in the challenging market. The sustainability of the differentiators Porter (1996) indicated that to outperform rivals, an organisation need to deliver greater value to customers or/and build comparative value at a lower cost. The airline industry is at the growing stage and therefore stiff competition from existing and new LCC is expected in the future. In order to sustain its competitive advantage, AirAsia needs to leverage its competency in creating cost advantages. At present, AirAsia differentiates by providing substantially low fares with no frills concept by offering innovative routes. Murray (1988) indicated that there is uncertainty for sustainable differentiation to be achieved through product innovation and suggested that the area that could be concentrated for the said differentiation is quality and service. While, Porter (1996) highlighted that positioning are successful based on activity system and simple consistency between each activity aligning with the organisation strategy. AirAsia builds it brand name by providing a good quality service at a low price. During inception, AirAsia focused on internal destinations and have further entered the international destinations. AirAsia X is differentiated by its long haul LCC as customers would not need to look at different carriers to reach different destinations at a lowest price. It is based on the same no frills service model wherein the price is 80% lower than its competitor together with additional services that requires customer to pay additional payment such as food, entertainment and others. AirAsia also seek to create excitement amongst their customers with the range of innovative and personalized service such as self check-in. Due to AirAsias success in the industry, competition might one to adapt the companys business model. However, AirAsia had some advantages over its competitors by the advantage of experience and its brand enjoyed good recognition. AirAsia gain from the first mover advantage which allows it to establish itself before competition perceive further in this low cost segment, apart from competition that already exists across segments (low cost vs full service carriers). AirAsia has the strength to lay down the rules and framework in the industry for business and operational suitability. Through AirAsia philosophy of Now Everyone Can Fly, AirAsia has embarked a revolution in air travel with more and more people around the region choosing AirAsia as their preferred choice of transport. As Air Asia continuously strives to promote air travel, AirAsia also seek to create excitement amongst their guests with they range of innovative and personalized service. Moreover customer loyalty is build by the differentiation which could act as a defense against rivalry (Eng, 1994). Whether the elements of the strategy are consistent and aligned with the strategic position Strategy works as a driver in a firm in achieving goals and objectives (Carpenter and Sanders, 2009). AirAsias five strategy elements are as follows: Porter (1996) presented three generic strategies that an organisation could use to overcome the five forces and achieve competitive advantage. However, there were studies resulting that adapting one or more forms of competitive advantage will outperform better (Murray, 1988). In the LCC segment, cost is the competitive priority and it determines market position. In lieu of this, Airasia has applied the focused cost leadership strategy wherein it targets on specific markets; price sensitive customers as well as lowering its overall costs (Flouris and Walker, 2005). With the positive growth in the LCC, it will create opportunity to others to enter the market. Competition between carriers using the same business model will inevitably be intense. One of the major pitfall against attempting to differentiate is by trying to combine low cost and differentiation strategy by starting to add frills in its business model. However, by applying the said strategy, carriers have lost their source of competitive advantage by narrowing the strategic cost gap. Every frill or service adds to cost and reduced the strategic cost gap, thus curbing the flexibility to offer innovative price deals. Murray (1988) disagrees that cost structure is vital in relation to the output performance compared to the price sensitivity. Factors such as economy of scale and quality of management teams within the organization could be the benchmark for cost leadership. Under the cost leadership strategy, level of operation efficiency is vital as it assist in achieving cost advantages than the rivals by searching continuous areas for cost reduction along its value chain that leads to economies of scale (Eng, 1993). AirAsia increases its efficiency through increased route network and its operating activities by adapting cost optimising techniques such as quick turnaround times and maximizing of flight utilisation for its aircrafts (Shari, 2003). As the result from efficient operation, it minimizes the cost that is then passed on to customers so that affordable air travel can become a reality. In 2005, the cost per available seat mile (ASK) for Airasia was only 0.3 compared to the next lowest valu e from 0.6 being Firefly (www.airasia.com). AirAsia took advantage from the existence of e-commerce which is cheaper and easier technique in providing information about products and services. Furthermore, it gives a better and more convenient way of promoting the companys product and services. The cost related to web is very low compared to other methods like advertisement on television. AirAsia has taken advantage from this method to reduce the cost of operations that leads to operating on a low rate. Malaysia government has supported AirAsia through the opening of the LCC terminal in Kuala Lumpur International Airport which enhanced its competitive edge by reducing costs and better logistic planning (Euromonitor International, 2009). Competitors tend to know how big the market is and how good the opportunity is in Asia. Therefore, there is threat by competitors which could imitate AirAsias low cost base. Most of the competitors have the same concept of no frills and low price strategy and will continuously try to reduce its costs than AirAsia in order to gain sustainability in the market. The challenge for AirAsia is to reduce cost effectively which it is difficult for the competitors to copy. Possible issues associated with implementation Strategy formulation and implementation are interdependent with the objectives being a coherent set of strategy elements and implement levers (Carpenter and Sanders, 2009). In order to succeed in the LCC segment, AirAsia will need to maintain its low cost elements in their business design as it is critical to the long term success. The main reason is because the more gap between arises between the competiting airlines, the more flexibility will be available to offer lower price and gain market share. An extended route system will most certainly be a key differentiator and to sustain its competitive advantages, resources and capabilities need to be analysed further. Around the world, it has been observed that low cost airlines pursuing a generic business design have emerged as the most successful. Conclusion AA actual main strength was based in its innovative ways to keep the cost low which was hard to imitate. AirAsia has indicated that synergies between the internal and external factors could develop a competitive advantage. This has allowed AirAsia to positioned and be the market leader in the LCC. The brand name brand equity is a major strength that AirAsia must successfully capitalize. Bibliography Barney J.B. Looking Inside for Competitive Advantage (1995) Academy of Management Executive. 9(4) pp. 49-61 Carpenter, M.A., Sanders W.G. Strategic Management: A Dynamic Perspective Concepts and Cases (2009) Pearson International Edition. Collis, D. J.,Montgomery, C. A. Competing on Resources (1995) Harvard Business Review. pp. 118-128 Graham B., Vowles T.M. Carriers within Carriers: A Strategic Response to Low-Cost Airline Competition(2006) Transport Reviews, pp. 105-126 Porter M.E., What is Strategy (1996) Harvard Business School, pp. 61-78 Shameen A. AirAsia Takes Flights on Low Cost Carriers (September 26, 2006), Business Week Teece, D.J., Pisano G., Shuen, Amy. Dyanmic Capabilities and Strategic Management (1997) Strategic Management Journal. 18(7), pp. 509-533

Document Requirements for Childcare Organisation

Document Requirements for Childcare Organisation Child care at home Due to the strict ruling of Ofsted, the independent regulatory body for schools, it is essential for individuals to have clear and correct documentation when establishing an at home child care business. Strict studies of the documents are carried out and can make the difference between a good or outstanding report and this can be a contributing factor in determining just how successful the business is. One of the most important documents that Ofsted and parents will want to look at is the CRB (Criminal Records Bureau) check, or recently changed to the DBS (Disclosure and Baring Service). This is necessary for any adult that will have contact or care for the children in the childcare setting. It is essential to a thriving childcare business, to ensure DBS checks are carried out, as many parents will not leave their children to be cared for by someone with an unknown criminal history. A child record form is the next document that is needed for a new child care institution. This should contain all the information needed about each child, such as their name, date of birth and address along with the parents address and contact details. The name and address of the childs doctor will also be needed along with two emergency contacts, medical history and details of any allergies, dietary requirements, medical conditions and religion. This document should be used as the first reference in any emergency and should always be to hand for the responsible adults to refer to. Without this the child’s best interests may not be met, which would not be productive for either child or child minder. The child information record book is an informal way of parent and childcare provider communicating as well as informing the parent and Ofsted of the types of activities the child has taken part in, along with the food they have eaten, quantity of nappies changed and other relevant information regarding anything that happens during the day. This is usually taken home by the parent weekly and is updated every day by the childcare provider, giving the parents a real insight into how their children are progressing and developing. Another document that can either go hand in hand with the child record book, or filed separately, is the Prescription and non-prescription medical record card. This contains information of any medication that the child should have administered when they are in the home child care setting. It should include the name of the drug, the dose and the frequency that it should be given as well as when it has been administered to the child. The child care provider will need written permission from the parent for each drug to be administered and each time it should be recorded on the form. This also applies to non-prescription drugs, such as Calpol, and there must be written information by the parent detailing when and in what circumstances they are happy for this to be given. By having this form it is easy to keep track of the amount of medicine being given and for what reasons. It will reassure both the parents and Ofsted that it isn’t being given sparingly. Child care agreement forms are the documents that create the contract between the parent and the child care provider. They detail all the child’s general information along with the specifics of the days and hours that the child will attend and fee information. There are standard agreements that can be purchased online and used. One of the most popular being the National Association of Childminders contract which clearly explains to each party what they are agreeing to. Childminders find this option one of the best as the NCMA have a legal team who are available to help the care givers with any issues relating to these contracts. The accident record and incident form allows for an extremely detailed account of any accident that has occurred, where it happened and the names of any adults that were witness to this, along with a record of the first aid administered (if applicable). It gives space for the person who has completed the form to sign and the signature of the parent to say that they have also read this and are aware that the accident occurred. The incident form is very similar but is used to give details of anything that may have affected the child. For example, the child playing with a family pet and becoming scratched or bitten. Again, it is asked that the parent also signs the form to say that they are aware of the incident. In some cases the parent may also want a copy and this form is another essential way of the parents and child care providers communicating to ensure that the child has the best and happiest time when they are away from their parents in this setting. The fire safety form is used to detail the evacuation process in case a fire occurs. All of the children should regularly participate in fire drills and be aware of what they should do. The dates and names of the children involved with these drills should be documented on the child safety form. It is also possible to ask the local fire service to attend the home and inspect each room to offer insight, which may not previously have been thought of and considered, into possible fire hazards. In the unfortunate event that a real fire evacuation needs to be carried out, it is important for safety reasons that all the children know what to do and where they need to locate to. The vehicle records and parent permission for a child to travel in a vehicle documents contain all the information regarding the registered vehicles that will be used for the purpose of the childcare. These should have appropriate insurance cover and documentation about who is insured and registered to drive the children. It is also necessary to have a sign parents consent form giving permission for their child to be transported in these registered vehicles no matter how long or what the journey is for. Along with this being there to ensure safety for the children and reassurance for the children, it is important for Ofsted to have a record of the vehicles if there was ever any legal issue that had to be investigated. Outings are an essential part of a childs development. They allow the children to explore their surroundings and learn new things. In order for a child care provider to take the children in their care on these such trips, they need two different outings and consent forms. One for small trips which include details of the trips the child will be participating in and can include permission statements for trips on public transport, on foot, in the child carers car or any other car. This form must be signed by the parents and kept in the childs file. Another form may be used if necessary for larger pre-planned trips or for trips which require financial contribution from the parent. In addition to the forms above there are three financial forms that are essential for starting an at home child care setting and record financial details relating to the home child care business. The first form is a record of payment fees, used to record the payments by the parents in which the child care provider signs to say that the payments have been received, and it can also be used as a receipt for the parents with a tear off strip. The record of complaint form needs to be completed accurately and as soon as possible. The form must contain information detailing who made the complaint, the nature of it and the date it occurred, along with a full account of the complaint, how it was dealt with and any actions that were taken. This is then signed and dated by the child care provider. It is important to all parties involved to have such a detailed account so it may be referred to, if necessary, by Ofsted, particularly if it is alleging abuse or harm to a child. It is essential to a child to develop through play and there are many activities that can be carried out in the home child care setting to encourage this. It can not only help them develop intellectually but also socially and physically and is an important part of a child’s growth. Physical activities help to develop a childs gross motor skills and refers to the physical movements made in babies, such as crawling, rolling or walking and in children, such as walking, running, skipping and hopping. Activities such as throwing or catching a ball, developing hand eye coordination or hopscotch, developing jumping and numeracy skills are important parts of not only a childs growth but also their childhood. Throwing and catching a ball will encourage them to interact and play with another child or grown up, something that some children may find difficult to begin with. Fine motor skills involve dexterity and fine control of muscle movement such as writing, drawing, using a knife and fork and using scissors. For babies, toys are a good way to develop these skills, some can make a noise and have different feels to them and finger foods such as pieces of banana or raisins are good to improve a babies hand eye coordination. At around 12 months a child will enjoy a shape sorter, the bright colours and noises will encourage them to find the right holes to fit the shapes into and develop their fine motor skills. Water is also a brilliant way to develop both fine and gross motor skills, using sponges to soak up and squeeze out the water. Intellectual development for babies provide them with something to touch and see and listen, an excellent tool is a touch picture book where they can feel different materials whilst being read to. Children can also be developed intellectually by card games like Pairs or board games and Connect 4. They also learn by questioning during the day like What are we going to do next?, What time is it? and What letter does cat begin with?. These sorts of questions allow the child to understand what is happening in their day and to apply these learnt answers in another setting such as nursery or school. To increase social development, role play is a great way to encourage a child to express themselves and interact with others. They can explore different settings such as a supermarket or post office and interact being either the shop keeper or customer. Adults playing with babies will encourage their social development like tickling and chatting with you, as well as copying your actions such as sticking your tongue out and shaking your hands, along with them watching other older children play. Around two years old they will start interacting with other children and being mindful of how the others react to them as well as being aware of how the others feel. Food health and safety policy – Please fill in the relevant sections concerning your child: Name of child – D.O.B – Food allergies – Medical allergies – Food preferences – Special dietary requirements From this information we will provide the best healthy, nutritious and balanced meals that meet the needs of all the children in our care. Fresh drinking water will be provided and accessible to the children at all times and the food will be prepared hygienically and we ensure that all staff handling food have been trained in food hygiene. According to The Food Standards Agency we will ensure that HACCP (being a preventative system designed to ensure food safety by identifying all the critical control points in a food process where contamination can occur) is implemented. The overall and ultimate responsibility for Health and Safety within the Provision rests with the members of the Management Committee. The Senior Supervisor will generally advise the Management Committee in the implementation of its Policy and Practices. Members of the Management Committee will be responsible for areas/activities in which they are involved: By ensuring that the Health and Safety Policy is satisfactorily implemented; By ensuring that all new employees, whether paid or voluntary, aware of and observe the Policy; By conducting a full investigation of any accidents or incidents that result in injury. All employees, whether paid or voluntary, have a responsibility for Health and Safety including the safety of others that may be affected by their acts or omissions. As such, they should familiarise themselves with the Health and Safety Policy of the Provision and the safe practices appropriate to their place of work. Policy Approved By: __________________________ Date: _____________ Travel Plan Within this plan I will discuss the main risk factors and my solutions for them when travelling with children in my care that may perhaps be encountered. The car that will be used has the relevant insurance needed to transport the children for a business purpose and all of the staff driving the car have sufficient driving licenses with no convictions. Written permission from each parent has been collected to say that they are happy for their children to be transported in the car in question. Enough car seats for the necessary children have been implemented and are all relevant for the children’s varying ages. I have enough petrol in the car to complete all the journeys needed without having to stop at any petrol stations enroute. In the car I have a medical bag and first aid kit with all necessary medicines for the children in my care along with spare clothes, drinks, nappies and wipes, if applicable. I have spoken with all the parents and then in turn the children about how we travel in cars safely and stressed the importance of this, for example not unclipping their seat belts whilst the car is still travelling and acted in an appropriate way, should this ever happen. I have sufficient breakdown cover for the vehicle being used and a mobile phone with enough battery at all times to use in case of an emergency.

The Vision :: essays research papers

The Vision by Dean Koontz Most people are skeptical about psychics and psychic powers. In the book The Vision by Dean Koontz, there arises a real convincing psychic Mary, who has visions of murders that are yet to happen. But, a new twist to the story causes Mary to see a different kind of vision. Murders more gruesome than ever. More difficult to see. Harder to pursue. All these factors cause the reader , and possibly be someone she loves? Or maybe a haunting truth about the past. The story takes place in various locations of modern day California. Some of the story takes place in Los Angeles, but the most momentous part of the story takes place in a little town called King's Point. The town is on the Pacific Coast Highway, and expensive houses dot the shoreline. Pertaining to the visions, Dean Koontz vividly describes the scene of each of them, as they take place. For example, he takes the reader to one of the scenes of a murder. A small beauty shop in Santa Ana, California. He forces the reader to picture the various aspects of a normal beauty shop, such as, the exterior. The neon lights, the palm tree, the jade-plant hedges, and the money-scented air. He informs the reader of the scent of the shampoo, cream rinse cologne, and perspiration. He tells how the floor was covered in air, and the purple color of the walls, and the plush purple carpet. He describes the sound of the hair dryer and the gunshot in which the murderer shot the cashier. As one can see, the author thoroughly describes the setting. The main character is of course, Mary Bergen. She is the author of a syndicated newspaper column about psychic phenomena, and the one who pursues the visions in which the murderer creates. The true identity of the murderer is not clear until the end of the book. Max Bergen, Mary's husband, and Alan Tanner, Mary's brother, each try to help Mary pursue her visions to catch the killer, and to free Mary's life of the horrible stress that encompasses her. But Max and Alan don't get along very well. Alan feels that Mary could of picked a better man to marry, because he believes that all Max is after is Mary's money, and that Max doesn't really realize how fragile she is. Max knows how Alan feels, but obviously disagrees. Max is pretty a strong man, six inches taller, and forty pounds heavier then Alan. Although Max had promised Mary that he would never physically fight another person, he feels a strong need to fight Alan, but knows that won't stop him from being so arrogant.

Chaucers View of the Pardoner as a Character Essay -- Geoffrey Chauce

Chaucer's View of the Pardoner as a Character In the Pardoner’s Tale, Chaucer presents the Pardoner in a particular light, and being a religious figure, this allows him to make a general statement about religion at the time. Chaucer’s view of the Pardoner as a character, and also as something to epitomise religion at the time, is evident from his use of vocabulary, his style, and by using strong imagery and description. In this way, Chaucer builds the character of the Pardoner as someone who is ironically deceptive and driven by his own selfish motives. A key theme that runs throughout the Pardoner’s Prologue is religion, and as the Pardoner’s proper role is to act as an intercessor between those who wish to repent and God himself, it is appropriate that Chaucer uses a great deal of religious lexis. There are many examples of this all through the text, such as when he mentions that the Pardoner carries ‘Bulles of popes and cardinals’ or ‘official documents’ signed by popes and cardinals. The plural use of the word ‘popes’ reveals a lot about the Pardoner in that it immediately shows his disregard and contempt for the clergy. Religiously, there is only meant to be one Pope and pluralizing the word devalues the pro-noun to a simple noun. The lack of determiners only further degrades the Pope as it shows no differentiation in these religious figures and others. They are simply the same and en masse, whereas, believers of the religion would disagree and be of the opinion that the Pope is the highest religious authority, but the Pardoner brings him down to basic levels and standards. Another example of lexis related to religion is when the Pardoner says ‘I stonde lyk a clerk in my pulpet’. This simile un... ...oner and Chaucer does not let his readers forget it as he gives continuous reminders throughout the text. Chaucer is not always so subtle in his presentation of the Pardoner. Near the end of the prologue, the Pardoner boldly asserts that ‘though myself be a full vicious man, A moral tale yet I you telle kan.’ The pardoner describes himself as we have aready been made to see him by Chaucer’s other techniques and here he admits it shamelessly, which only adds to the readers’ negative impression of him, in that he is not only deceptive, deceitful and ‘vicious’ but he also has no regret or remorse for his actions and attitudes, hence he is unlikely to change. It is ironic that the Pardoner admits to this characteristic of his and then claims that he will still be able to tell a moral tale, although his admittance also shows that he is aware of this irony.

Refugee Women During the 21st Century Essay -- Immigration Feminism Im

Refugee Women During the 21st Century Refugees face governmental turmoil, political prosecution and natural disasters; however, women are further burdened by their female status, biological functions and lack of attention to the needs of women in refugee camps. Refugee women sustain emotional and often physical scars attempting to escape from oppressive situations. They are forced to leave, face death or perhaps something worse. They may find these horrors anyway, but they will risk that unknown for a chance at a different life. The first stop on this arduous journey is often a refugee camp. Here, if they are lucky, they are provided with basic needs such as food and shelter. During a presentation by the International Rescue Committee, a group that helps refugees, my fear was confirmed, that the needs of women are not being met. The I.R.C. spokesman said, "Women are sometimes given information on birth control, AIDS prevention and family planning, but it depends on the country." I find it difficult to imagine that something as obvious as birth control is hardly considered or ...

A Good Man essay

Misfit : Definitely round. He is a murderer. He lacks apathy for most of the family, but he takes time to talk to the grandmother. He is from a â€Å"good† family and seems to know how to talk the talk of a good southern boy. He actually seems touched by the grandmother's words, yet he is quickly repulsed by his apathy. He almost seemed like he was going to help out the stranded family until they reccognized them. The grandma is an example of a round/dynamic character because she has varied traits and her character changes during the story.She is caring because she does not want to leave the cat at home be itself, in fear that the cat will get hurt. Also, she is caution, warning her son about the speed limit and not to exceed the limit because patrolmen are hiding in order to catch law breakers. She is observant and appreciates the simple things in life, such as â€Å"stone mountain; the blue granite†¦ the brilliant red clay banks†¦Ã¢â‚¬  On the way, she spots a â €Å"little Negro child† on the side of the road and she said â€Å"if I could paint, I’d paint that picture,† which shows her sincerity.The grandma is also funny, when John Wesley asked â€Å"where’s the plantation? † she responded, â€Å"Gone with the wind. † The grandmother is respectful towards the earth; she did not let the children throw the box and the paper napkins out the window. At times she feels embarrassed because of the way her grandchildren acts. The grandmother starts off sable then she became emotional. Another round/dynamic character is the Misfit. When the Misfit first encounters the family, he greets them with â€Å"Good afternoon. † When the grandmother â€Å"began to cry† the â€Å"Misfit reddened. This shows that the Misfit has compassion towards the grandmother that in seeing her cry he feels guilty. He sees the grandmother upset so he tries to comfort her by telling her â€Å"don’t you get upset . Sometimes a man says thing he don’t mean. I don’t reckon he meant to talk to you thataway. † At one point, the Misfit apologizes to the grandmother and the daughter in law for being shirtless in-front of them. The Misfit seems like a caring guy, but in the end he is a barbarian. He had the son, the daughter in law, and the two children killed.In the end, he shoots the grandmother â€Å"three times through the chest. † Flat characters have only one or two noticeable traits, and these traits do not change. Static character, remain the same throughout the narrative In contrast, June star and John Wesley are flat/static characters. Throughout the whole narrative both June Star and John Wesley are rude and has no manner. First of all, they never call the grandmother by her name or â€Å"grandmother,† they only call her â€Å"she. † The manner in which the children speak to the grandmother shows their lack of respect and their rudeness.When the g randmother did not want to go to Florida, John Wesley said â€Å"If you don’t want to go to Florida, why dontcha stay at home? † and June Star said â€Å"She wouldn’t stay at home for a million bucks† â€Å"Afraid she’d miss something. She has to go everywhere we go. † At the restaurant, the owner wife asked June Star, â€Å"would you like to come be my little girl? † and June Star responded, â€Å"No I certainly wouldn’t,† â€Å"I wouldn’t live in a broken down place like this for a million bucks! † which made the grandmother embarrassed.In the car, the children was yelling and screaming at their parents until they get their way. The reason to have round/dynamic and flat/static characters is so that they can contradict one another. If a narrative only has one character type then the narrative won’t be as engaging to the readers. The round/dynamic characters add excitement to the narrative because th ese characters are unpredictable, one never knows what they are going to say or do by Text-Enhancenext. On the other hand, the flat/static characters are boring.They are simply there to make the narrative complete by having varies characters. The different characters types in a narrative allow the reader to compare and contrast the characters The Misfit[-;0], from Flannery O'Connor[->1]'s short story titled A Good Man Is Hard to Find[-;2], seems to me to be a very realistic character. Although the reader's first impression of him is very much a stereotype, O'Connor causes his character to be the only rounded one among a group of flat[-;3], one-dimensional people.His reality is paradoxically heightened further by the predictable plot she puts him into. This definitely reflects on the symbolism that O'Connor is using within the story. O'Connor intends A Good Man Is Hard to Find to be the study of a deeply conflicted character. The Misfit wants on one level to be good, or to be known[- ;4] as good, but he can't rationalize away or separate himself from his actions. At the same time as he's executing a family, he's trying to explain why he's only doing what is necessary[-;5].He also seems to feel some type of connection with the grandmother, as if they're both basically of the same substance[->6], however dissimilar their lives have been. After reading through the short story a few times, I realized that the Misfit is meant to symbolize Satan[->7]. His characterization as a misfit, murderer, deceiver and escaped convict are just the most obvious similarities between the two beings. Both his revelations about himself and his obsession with Jesus Christ[->8] bear out this comparison,. ->0] – http://everything2. com/title/The+Misfit [->1] – http://everything2. com/title/Flannery+O%2527Connor [->2] – http://everything2. com/title/A+Good+Man+Is+Hard+to+Find [->3] – http://everything2. com/title/flat [->4] – http://everything2. com/titl e/known [->5] – http://everything2. com/title/necessary [->6] – http://everything2. com/title/the+same+substance [->7] – http://everything2. com/title/Satan [->8] – http://everything2. com/title/Jesus+Christ

Three men in a boat

Harris. did non appear to urinate frequently sand of style, however, as evident from the loud sport coat he had bought for the trip. did not like spending much thought on subaltern matters as he remarked that if anything was broken, it was broken. last unmatched to offer to do anything that required natural labour. not real f finesse-witted and depended on the differents to lead him. He loved express emotion at another(prenominal)s be situations did not taste it much when the Joke turned on him. keen to learn to play the Banjo, but he played quite sternly and until now turned a convenient song into a mournful blood n archaeozoic knowledge of cooking, as flowerpot be seen by the concomitant that he made a healthy Irish Stew.The narrator, a happy-go-lucky young while like his twain friends fond of animals, as seen in his interactions with cats and his dog, Mont muchncy. hypochondriac, imagining that he had all the thinkable diseases of the world, Just by read ing well-nigh them. to a greater extent(prenominal) sensible and practical than the other ii and shows a knowledge and understanding for the historical aspect of the English plainside. comparable his friends, he too disliked awkward work, and was convinced that he had been labouring the near while the other ii lazed ab reveal. more romantic and imaginative soul, with his head oft in the clouds, as he muzzy sight of the fact that he was manoeuver epoch and again, while admiring the scenery. He was the al more or less light uponed by the beauties of nature. In fact, he had turned start the inn at Datchet initially because it did not have honeysuckle growing e reallywhere it and hence was not picturesque enough. keenest reason of aesthetics as he constantly critiques his friends choices of clothing. sense of surliness and maintained a steady poise among the diverse personalities of George and Harns .A rather blase fox terrier, Montmorency was the narrators dog. W hen the narrator had found him, he had thought that he would not sustain for too long but Montmorency had proved him wrong by not accomplishly surviving, but by turning bug out to be quite a profuse dog, killing chickens, chasing cats and fghting against other dogs. Montmorency had a magnetic dip to get underfoot and be more ofa general hindrance than ot any wait on. He disrupts the packing in umpteen ways and gets proceeds to get two other dogs inside the house. ? His nature is marked by curiosity and a desire to help as seen by his attempt to comport the boiling kettle and the contribution of the d.o.a. rat respectively. Though he is vigorous to get into fghts with dogs, he is similarly quick to fall back when faced with more determined adversaries like cats. showcase plan of Jerome.. a funny man. thought anything to be a Joke. lives the emotional state the way it takes it to no practical thinking.. ust tries to do e realthing the way he is asked has a dog.. he lo ves food and hates workJerome K.Jerome is like the Victorian shaft Bryson. one-third hands in a sauceboat is not a sturdy travelogueis thus confused by his symptoms that he refers to a medical book and happens to construe that he possesses virtually each accomplishable ailment recorded in there. Character sketch of George George was a lingo shop clerk (who goes to sleep at a bank from ten to four each solar day, however Satur eld, when they wake him up and put him extraneous at two and was living in a back room of the akin house. The undercoatlady suggested that, to save money, the two might handle a room.They chummed together for or so geezerhood two sh ard love of the field of operations -and a life-long friendship was formed. George, who remained a bachelor, flush to become manager of Barclays Bank in the Strand and outlived. Character sketch of Harris Harris is a vain fellow who pretends to be passing hard working but unremarkably pushes off the burden on other people. he is outspoken and does not hesitate to tell his friends what he thinks closely them even if it whitethorn not be pleasant. for role model he outwardly tells george that his new blazer is utterly revolting and that he must not wear it around them (harris and J). en harris takes on a Job he makes a huge fuss out of it like the narators uncle podger. it may not be anything majorly important but if harris is pass to do it the world would know some it. he also thinks very super of himself and his voice though his friends do not want him to even attempt singing. he is fundamentally fascinated by tombs and graveyards much to J s dislike. he is also quite short tempered and it is lift out to let him rant off his petulance rather than try and talk to him about it. he wouldn t mind a drink at any time of the day and enjoys the company of his friends .Three Men in a Boat nous 2 dissolving agent the chase questions briefly. (i) What atomic number 18 the controls a ffecting the clime of India? (ii) why does India have a monsoon type of temper? (iii) Which recrudesce of India does experience the highest diurnal reaching of temperature and wherefore? (iv) Which come ups account for rain on the Malabar slide? (v) What argon sooty be adrifts and how do they affect the modality of India? (vi) Define monsoons. What do you understand by break in monsoon? (vii) why is the monsoon considered a unifying bandage? * - adjudicate * -Discussion * - Sh atomic number 18 (i)The controls affecting the climate of India atomic number 18 latitude, altitude, pressure and wind system, blank from the sea, naval currents and relief features. (ii)The climate of India is strongly influenced by monsoon winds. Hence, it has a monsoon type of climate. (iii)The north- horse opera division of India comprising the Indian Desert experiences the highest diurnal identify of temperature. This is because of the fact that sand (found in broad meter in this surface atomic number 18a) gains and loses heat very quickly.As a result of this phenomenon, there is a encompassing difference between day and iniquity temperatures in this region. The day temperature may prink to 50C and beadwork down to near 15C the very(prenominal) night. (iv)The southeastwestern United States monsoon winds ar accountable for pelting along the Malabar seashore. (v)Jet streams argon a narrow belt of high-altitude winds in the troposphere. The sub- tropic western resinous stream roveing south of the Himalayas are accountable for the western cyclonal disturbances go through in the north and north-western move of the country during the pass calendar months.The sub-tropical atomic number 99erly jet stream blowing every posture peninsular India is creditworthy for the tropical cyclones that affect the east slideal regions of India during the monsoon as well as during the October to November period. (vi)Monsoon refers to the complete reverse of w inds every get into a vainglorious playing field leading to a assortment of seasons. break-dance in monsoon refers to the wet and ironical spells of the monsoon. In other words, the monsoon rains take place for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with dry intervals. vii) notwithstanding variations in temperature conditions crosswise India, a sense of concurrence is imposed by the monsoon. The seasonal alteration of the wind systems and the associated weather conditions win a rhythmic cycle of seasons that binds the intact country. movement 3 Why does the rain lessen from the east to the west in northerly India? * - Answer * - Discussion * - component helpingThe do of rainwater drops from east to west in Union India because of the reformist fall in the humidness of the winds. As the wet-bearing winds of the mouth of Bengal limb of the southwestern United States monsoon move only and further inland, they exculpate near of the wet they station al ong with them. This consequently leads to a graduated decrease in the amount of rain from east to west. enquire 4 nurse reasons as to why. (i) oceansonal reversal of wind style takes place over the Indian subcontinent? (ii) The mess of pelting in India is arduous over a few months. iii) The Tamil Nadu playground slide realizes pass rain. (iv) The delta region of the east coast is frequently struck by cyclones. (v) separate of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the lee side side of the Hesperian Ghats are drought- given. * - Answer * - Discussion * - appropriate (i)The seasonal reversal of wind focusing over the Indian subcontinent is the result of the Coriolis tycoon. It is an manifest force caused by the Earths rotation.The Coriolois force is responsible for deflecting winds towards the justifiedly in the northerly cerebral hemisphere and towards the remaining in the southern hemisphere. (ii)The rain acquire by India is generally due to the souwest monsoon winds. The duration of the monsoon is between c to one hundred twenty days. Hence, the bulk of pelting standard by the country isconcentrated over a few months. (iii)During the winter season, north easterly swap winds prevail over India. They blow from land to sea and hence, for nearly part of the country, it is a prohibitionist season.However, the Tamil Nadu Coast fathers winter rainfall due to these winds. This is because in this region these winds blow from sea to land, thereby carrying moisture along with them. (iv)The delta region of the eastern coast of India is frequently struck by cyclones. This is because the cyclonic depressions that originate over the Andaman ocean are brought in by the sub-tropical easterly jet stream blowing over peninsular India during the monsoon as well as during the October to November period. v)separate of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the lee side side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone because of the pantie rainfall ingestd by these regions during th e monsoon rains. The progressive decrease in the humidity of the winds of the alcove of Bengal outgrowth causes the amount of rainfall to decrease from east to west in northern India. As the leeward side is the rain-shadow area, the regions lying in this region receive very little rain from the Arabian Sea forking. It is the windward side of the Ghats that receives the supreme rain. mood (Social Science) Close X casePrev scalawag 40Next Q5Q6Q7Q8 incertitude 8 Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India. * - Answer * - Discussion * - Share Characteristics of monsoon rainfall in India (i) The duration of the monsoon is between deoxycytidine monophosphate to 120 days from early June to mid-September. (ii) or so the time of its arrival, the normal rainfall increases unawares and continues for several days.This is known as the break in of the monsoon. (iii) The monsoon has characteristic wet and dry spells or breaks in rainfall. The monsoon rains tak e place totally for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. (iv) The moisture is carried by pulsating south westerlies that are abnormal by different atmospherical conditions, thereby giving monsoon rains an uncertain character. The annual rainfall is highly variable from course of study to family (v) The rainfall is unevenly distributed across the Indian landscape.Parts of the western coast and northeastern India receive the upper limit rainfall. Regions such as part of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Leh and the leeward side of the Western Ghats receive very little rainfall. Effects of monsoon rainfall in India (a) Indian agriculture is largely restricted upon the water from the monsoon rains. Late, low or prodigal rains have a interdict concern upon crops. (b) Due to the uneven distribution of rainfall across the country, there are some regions that are drought prone and some that are flood afflicted. c) The monsoon provides India with a intelligible climatic pattern. Hence, in enmity of the mien of great regional variations, it has a unifying influence upon the country and its people. Question 3 (i) crap two rainiest post. (ii) Name two driest post. (iii) devil post with well-nigh still climate. (iv) dickens place with close to peak climate. (v) dickens move most influenced by the Arabian branch of southwest monsoons. (vi) cardinal place most influenced by the Bay of Bengal branch of southwestern United States monsoons. vii) both displace influenced by both branches of the south-west monsoons (viii) two stations influenced by retreating and north-east monsoons. (ix) 2 stations receiving winter showers from the western disturbances. (x) The two hottest stations in the months of (a) February (b) April (c) may (d) June * - Answer * - Discussion * - Share (i)Two rainiest stations Shillong and Mumbai (ii)Two driest stations Leh and jodhpur iii)Two stations with most even-tempered climate Bangalore and Tiruv anantapuram (iv)Two stations with most extreme climate Leh and jodhpur (v)Two stations most influenced by the Arabian branch of southwest monsoons Tiruvanatapuram and Mumbai (vi)Two stations most influenced by the Bay of Bengal branch of south-west monsoons Shillong and Kolkata (vii)Two stations influenced by both branches of the south-west monsoons Delhi and Kolkata (viii)Two stations influenced by retreating and north-east monsoons Chennai and Bangalore (ix)Two stations receiving winter showers from the western disturbances jodhpur boot and Delhi (x)The two hottest stations? (a)In the month February Tiruvanatapuram and Chennai (b)In the month April Nagpur and Kolkata (c)In the month of may Nagpur and Jodhpur (d)In the month of June Jodhpur and DelhiThree Men in a BoatQuestion 2 Answer the following questions briefly. (i) What are the controls affecting the climate of India? (ii) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate? (iii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why? (iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar Coast? (v) What are jet streams and how do they affect the climate of India? (vi) Define monsoons. What do you understand by break in monsoon? (vii) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond? * - Answer * -Discussion * - Share (i)The controls affecting the climate of India are latitude, altitude, pressure and wind system, distance from the sea, ocean currents and relief features. (ii)The climate of India is strongly influenced by monsoon winds. Hence, it has a monsoon type of climate. (iii)The north-western part of India comprising the Indian Desert experiences the highest diurnal range of temperature. This is because of the fact that sand (found in ample quantity in this region) gains and loses heat very quickly.As a result of this phenomenon, there is a wide difference between day and night temperatures in this region. The day temperature may rise to 50C and drop down to near 15C the same night. (iv)The south-west monsoon winds are responsible for rainfall along the Malabar Coast. (v)Jet streams are a narrow belt of high-altitude winds in the troposphere. The sub-tropical westerly jet stream blowing south of the Himalayas are responsible for the western cyclonic disturbances experienced in the north and north-western parts of the country during the winter months.The sub-tropical easterly jet stream blowing over peninsular India is responsible for the tropical cyclones that affect the eastern coastal regions of India during the monsoon as well as during the October to November period. (vi)Monsoon refers to the complete reversal of winds over a large area leading to a change of seasons. Break in monsoon refers to the wet and dry spells of the monsoon. In other words, the monsoon rains take place for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. vii)Despite variations in temperature conditions across India, a sense of unity is imposed by the monsoon. The seasonal alteration of the wind systems and the associated weather conditions provide a rhythmic cycle of seasons that binds the entire country. Question 3 Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India? * - Answer * - Discussion * - ShareThe amount of rainfall decreases from east to west in Northern India because of the progressive decrease in the humidity of the winds. As the moisture-bearing winds of the Bay of Bengal branch of the southwest monsoon move further and further inland, they exhaust most of the moisture they carry along with them. This consequently leads to a gradual decrease in the amount of rainfall from east to west. Question 4 Give reasons as to why. (i) Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent? (ii) The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months. iii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall. (iv) The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclon es. (v) Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone. * - Answer * - Discussion * - Share (i)The seasonal reversal of wind direction over the Indian subcontinent is the result of the Coriolis force. It is an apparent force caused by the Earths rotation.The Coriolois force is responsible for deflecting winds towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere. (ii)The rainfall received by India is largely due to the south-west monsoon winds. The duration of the monsoon is between 100 to 120 days. Hence, the bulk of rainfall received by the country isconcentrated over a few months. (iii)During the winter season, north-east trade winds prevail over India. They blow from land to sea and hence, for most part of the country, it is a dry season.However, the Tamil Nadu Coast receives winter rainfall due to these winds. This is because in this region these winds blow from sea to land, thereby carrying moistur e along with them. (iv)The delta region of the eastern coast of India is frequently struck by cyclones. This is because the cyclonic depressions that originate over the Andaman Sea are brought in by the sub-tropical easterly jet stream blowing over peninsular India during the monsoon as well as during the October to November period. v)Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone because of the scanty rainfall received by these regions during the monsoon rains. The progressive decrease in the humidity of the winds of the Bay of Bengal branch causes the amount of rainfall to decrease from east to west in northern India. As the leeward side is the rain-shadow area, the regions lying in this region receive very little rain from the Arabian Sea branch. It is the windward side of the Ghats that receives the maximum rain. Climate (Social Science) Close X ExercisePrevPage 40Next Q5Q6Q7Q8 Question 8 Give the characteristics and effects of the monso on rainfall in India. * - Answer * - Discussion * - Share Characteristics of monsoon rainfall in India (i) The duration of the monsoon is between 100 to 120 days from early June to mid-September. (ii) Around the time of its arrival, the normal rainfall increases suddenly and continues for several days.This is known as the burst of the monsoon. (iii) The monsoon has characteristic wet and dry spells or breaks in rainfall. The monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. (iv) The moisture is carried by pulsating south westerlies that are affected by different atmospheric conditions, thereby giving monsoon rains an uncertain character. The annual rainfall is highly variable from year to year (v) The rainfall is unevenly distributed across the Indian landscape.Parts of the western coast and north-eastern India receive the maximum rainfall. Regions such as parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Leh and the leeward side of the Western Ghats receive very little rainfall. Effects of monsoon rainfall in India (a) Indian agriculture is largely dependent upon the water from the monsoon rains. Late, low or excessive rains have a negative impact upon crops. (b) Due to the uneven distribution of rainfall across the country, there are some regions that are drought prone and some that are flood afflicted. c) The monsoon provides India with a distinct climatic pattern. Hence, in spite of the presence of great regional variations, it has a unifying influence upon the country and its people. Question 3 (i) Name two rainiest stations. (ii) Name two driest stations. (iii) Two stations with most equable climate. (iv) Two stations with most extreme climate. (v) Two stations most influenced by the Arabian branch of southwest monsoons. (vi) Two stations most influenced by the Bay of Bengal branch of south-west monsoons. vii) Two stations influenced by both branches of the south-west monsoons (viii) Two stations influenced by retreating a nd north-east monsoons. (ix) Two stations receiving winter showers from the western disturbances. (x) The two hottest stations in the months of (a) February (b) April (c) May (d) June * - Answer * - Discussion * - Share (i)Two rainiest stations Shillong and Mumbai (ii)Two driest stations Leh and Jodhpur iii)Two stations with most equable climate Bangalore and Tiruvanantapuram (iv)Two stations with most extreme climate Leh and Jodhpur (v)Two stations most influenced by the Arabian branch of southwest monsoons Tiruvanatapuram and Mumbai (vi)Two stations most influenced by the Bay of Bengal branch of south-west monsoons Shillong and Kolkata (vii)Two stations influenced by both branches of the south-west monsoons Delhi and Kolkata (viii)Two stations influenced by retreating and north-east monsoons Chennai and Bangalore (ix)Two stations receiving winter showers from the western disturbances Jodhpur and Delhi (x)The two hottest stations? (a)In the month February Tiruvanatapuram and Chenna i (b)In the month April Nagpur and Kolkata (c)In the month of May Nagpur and Jodhpur (d)In the month of June Jodhpur and Delhi