Situational Leadership Analysis Essay -- Leadership

Hersey and Blanchards Situational lead Theory (SLT) asserts that a leaders effectiveness is dependent upon the readiness, or ability and willingness, of the leaders pursual to complete a task. This leadership style is an amalgamation of task-oriented and kinship-oriented characteristics that are employed depending upon the situation and the followers involved. According to the SLT, as followers increase in readiness the leaders style is to adapt accordingly (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2009). The table below (Babou, 2008) summarizes the leadership behaviors that the SLT presumes are appropriate to the various stages of follower readiness. Each quadrant of the Leadership Behaviors chart corresponds to the same quadrant in the Follower Readiness chart. Leadership Behaviors port 1 (S1 or Directing) uplifted task/low relationshipThis leader uses above-average amounts of task behavior and below-averageamounts of relationship behavior.Style 2 (S2 or Coaching) High task/high relationshipT his leader uses greater-than-average amounts of both task and relationshipbehaviors.Style 3 (S3 or Supporting) High relationship/low taskThis leader exhibits greater-than-average amounts of relationship behaviorand below-average amounts of task behavior.Style 4 (S4 or Delegating) Low relationship/low taskThis leader uses below-average amounts of both relationship and task behaviors. Follower Readiness For example, under this theory the leader would employ High Directive/High Support leadership behaviors to the Disillusioned Learner. Ideally, the leader helps the followers as they progress through the stages to achieve the Self-Reliant Achiever/Delegating level. While I do not necessarily ... ...ul leader. Without high competence in these areas, the leader is unlikely to find success to any significant degree regardless of how well he or she performs in the other areas. Overall I am pleased with where I currently am in these fundamental areas, particularly in those areas that p ay off me as a person and would otherwise be extremely difficult to change. The areas of weakness reveal adjustments that I can make in my style and how I outwardly present myself, but I do not believe there are any gaps that cannot be bridged as I continue my betoken to become a better leader.Works CitedBabou. (2008, March 26). Variations in situational leadership Web. 28 March 2015http//leadershipchamps.wordpress.com/2008/03/26/variations-in-situational-leadership/Kinicki, A., & Kreitner, R. (2009). Organizational behavior (4th ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Horror Movies Essay -- essays research papers fc

Natural natural Killers, Psycho, Friday the 13th , and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow argon all aversion films. In these films there is always some brainsick person or monster-like character that goes around and slaughters innocent multitude. And usually, but not all the time the killer is killed at the end of the movie. The media publishes or broadcasts stories that say that detestation films influence people to imitate these wrongful acts of violence. I believe that these movies do not influence people to imitate these murderous crimes onto innocent people. Horror films are a way for people to exercise their violent emotions with fall out hurting anyone.The media publishes ,in my mind stupid , stories almost horror films that say that some whacked out kid has just killed someone because of a horror film he or she saw. I deal that the kid blaming the movie is just a originator to get out of jail time. The parents of these kids should not be showing there 8 years obsolesce nt children horror films in the first place. That is why there is a ratings system. And all horror movies are rated R, which means no one under the age of 17 should watch the movie with out adult supervision. A movie that comes to my mind for a movie supposedly influencing people is the Oliver Stone movie Natural Born Killers. In it Woody Harrelson and Juliette Lewis play a mates that go on a violent crime spree. They kill dozens ... Horror Movies Essay -- essays interrogation papers fc Natural Born Killers, Psycho, Friday the 13th , and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow are all horror films. In these films there is always some crazy person or monster-like character that goes around and slaughters innocent people. And usually, but not all the time the killer is killed at the end of the movie. The media publishes or broadcasts stories that say that horror films influence people to imitate these wrongful acts of violence. I believe that these movies do not influence peo ple to imitate these murderous crimes onto innocent people. Horror films are a way for people to exercise their violent emotions with out hurting anyone.The media publishes ,in my mind stupid , stories about horror films that say that some whacked out kid has just killed someone because of a horror film he or she saw. I think that the kid blaming the movie is just a reason to get out of jail time. The parents of these kids should not be showing there 8 years old children horror films in the first place. That is why there is a ratings system. And all horror movies are rated R, which means no one under the age of 17 should watch the movie with out adult supervision. A movie that comes to my mind for a movie supposedly influencing people is the Oliver Stone movie Natural Born Killers. In it Woody Harrelson and Juliette Lewis play a couple that go on a violent crime spree. They kill dozens ...

John Steinbeck was born to middle-lower class family in the farming Ess

whoremaster Steinbeck was born to middle-lower class family in the farming community of Salinas, California. JohnsSteinbeckImagine your town is suddenly stricken with poverty. Your familybusiness goes under because the economy of your local community can nolonger support it. Herds of your adpressed friends continually move outof the town you grew up in cod to a severe shortage of work. Thebasic necessities of life are so just now that everyone around youreverts to their animalistic urges to survive. Those who you havecame to trust, betray you and your family for selfish reasons. Thischaos was typical every day life during the youth of one of Americas sterling(prenominal) writers, John Steinbeck. The environment that engulfed JohnStein becks early life shaped his literary style to focus on theeconomic hardships of rural constancy and homosexuals every day struggles withnatural urges. John Steinbeck was born to middle-lower class family in the farmingcommunity of Salinas, Califor nia. Johns father, who was a businessman and politician, experienced great difficulty maintaining asuccessful business in their small town. John watched his father failat many endeavors including managing a dredge plant and opening a feedand grain store as well as the political corruption his father facedas County treasurer (Shillinglaw). No matter how much financialadversity Johns family faced, his father always kept a sunnydisposition and took the family on snitch trips across California. These small towns and cities John and his family would visit, laterserved to be the local of his future novels such as East of Eden andThe Red Pony(Fontenrose, 2). John even apply his home town of Salinasto serve as the setting for the shor... ...mericans as he did in previous works. In1960, John published The Winter of Discontent which attacked modern-day American ideals an longed for conservative ideals. Thispiece, which did not achieve the notoriety that Steinbeck hoped for,would be his la st novel before his death in 1968(Shillinglaw).Steinbeck witnessed his home town crumble due to financial strain as achild. He felt the effects of the poor economy as his father bouncedfrom job to job trying to drag ends meet. In Steinbecks earlyadulthood he worked odd jobs with the poorest of the poor, staying intouch with the injustices these people faced everyday and witnessinghow humans react in clock of need. The environment that engulfed JohnStein becks early life shaped his literary style to focus on theeconomic hardships of rural labor and mans every day struggles withnatural urges.

The Chrysalids Joseph Strorm Character Sketch Essay -- essays research

Written by John Wyndham, The Chrysalids tells the reader ab expose Joseph and his life, which revolves around religion. Joseph, as the reader learns, is an extremely religious, authoritive, and temper mental man. As the story progresses, Josephs character traits begin to show more and more. Josephs character traits become more prominent, and Joseph begins to choose his religion over his family. Towards the end of the novel we learn that Joseph is out to kill two of his children. Joseph is a man with many problems, which would get the best of him in the end.Living in Waknuk makes it extremely easy to be controlled by your religion. Joseph was a very religious man towards his family and the community. In the community of Waknuk Joseph was considered the Head Priest of his religious group. Each time a deviation was notified Joseph would quickly stop everything he was doing to pray for forgiveness. Stopping everything to pray for forgiveness is a big thing considering that the deviation s were not his. This shows that he does not want God or his religion to image down on himself. Lastly, Joseph is always trying to do his best because he believes God is always testing them. He shows that he does not want to confounded God in any way. All of these examples show how religious Joseph truly is. Joseph Strorm was a devoted and completely reliant man upon his religion.As being the attracter in Waknuk, it ...

How Should Guilty People Be Punished? :: essays research papers

How should guilty volume be punished? Thousands of crimes are act throughout the year robbery, fraud, rape etc The people who commit these crimes and are caught are sent to jail. The only thing is, Every person who committed a crime had a different reason for doing it. That is wherefore the Court exists, to judge each case differently.There should be an individual penalisation for every case, because every case is different, and the criminals have different motives. I would bid to give examples For instance in murder cases if a wo populace murdered her husband because he would beat her and the only way she could survive was by killing him, this case should be judged differently next to a case for instance a woman killing her husband because she was jealous of him. Both of these woman who committed these crimes should get jail time, because it can set an example to other woman, but the woman from the first gear case should get in my opinion maximum 2 years of jail time and als o community service. Even thow self defense is legal it is very hard to prove.In the cases of robbery If a man robbed a place for survival, and another man robbed a bank for money, both of these cases should be judged differently, they definitely should get a punishment, but different ones. In the cases of first offender and second offender a first time offender might have done a stupid mistake therefore the penalty should be less severe then someone who has a police record with other convictions.In the cases of juveniles committing crimes i find that it all depends on the crime, because in some case the juvenile committed the crime because he was under a certain peer pressure, or anything that made him commit the crime against his avouch will.But in cases of a juvenile committing an act of murder of some sort i think he should be judged as an Adult in court and receive the punishment he deserves. A juvenile who commits the crime usually knows the difference between right and wron g, therefore should get the same punishment as an adult who committed this crime.

How Should Guilty People Be Punished? :: essays research papers

How should guilty people be punished? Thousands of crimes are committed passim the year robbery, fraud, rape etc The people who commit these crimes and are caught are sent to jail. The only thing is, Every person who committed a crime had a different reason for doing it. That is why the Court exists, to judge each case differently.There should be an individual punishment for every case, because every case is different, and the criminals give different motives. I would like to give examples For instance in murder cases if a woman murdered her husband because he would beat her and the only port she could survive was by killing him, this case should be judged differently next to a case for instance a woman killing her husband because she was desirous of him. Both of these woman who committed these crimes should get jail time, because it can set an example to other woman, just the woman from the first case should get in my opinion maximum 2 years of jail time and also community ser vice. Even thow self defense is legal it is very hard to prove.In the cases of robbery If a man robbed a place for survival, and another man robbed a bank for money, both of these cases should be judged differently, they definitely should get a punishment, but different ones. In the cases of first offender and second offender a first time offender might have done a stupefied mistake therefrom the penalty should be less severe then someone who has a police record with other convictions.In the cases of juveniles committing crimes i scrape up that it all depends on the crime, because in some case the juvenile committed the crime because he was under a certain peer pressure, or anything that make him commit the crime against his own will.But in cases of a juvenile committing an act of murder of some sort i think he should be judged as an Adult in court and receive the punishment he deserves. A juvenile who commits the crime usually knows the difference between right and wrong, theref ore should get the same punishment as an adult who committed this crime.

Financial Statement

Financial Statement Companies use several tools such as a equilibrate canvass to operate sound business purposes. A balance sheet is a quantitative summary of a play alongs financial condition at a specific raze in era, including additions, liabilities and net worth. The first part of a balance sheet shows all the productive pluss a political party owns, and the second part shows all the financial backing methods (such as liabilities and sh atomic reduce 18holders equity) Also, called didactics of condition.On a balance sheet, assets are equal to the sum of liabilities, common stock, preferred stock, and contain earnings. An otherwise tool use by companies to make decisions is a companys Income statement. An income statement is an accounting of sales, expenses, and net profit for a given diaphragm. The purpose of this report is to view the companys performance (profits and personnel casualtyes) over a designated period of time. It lists the companys revenues and its de bts during operational and non operational periods.The balance sheet works in conjunction with the income statement both deals with matters that concern investors. The next tool used is called a retained earnings statement. A retained earnings statement is a financial statement that lists a wholes accumulated retained earnings and net income that has been paid as dividends to stockholders in the current period. Also can be known as, statement of retained earnings. It is important for e genuinely superstar to understand that retained earnings do not exhibit surplus silver or cash left over after the payment of dividends.Rather, retained earnings demonstrate what a company did with its profits they are the amount of profit the company has reinvested in the business since its inception. These reinvestments are either asset purchases or liability reductions. Next in line is the statement of cash flows. Statement of cash flows is a summary of a companys cash flow over a given period o f time. What can the statement of cash flows key out us? Its simple, because the income statement is prepared under the accrual basis of accounting, the revenues reported may not have been collected.Similarly, the expenses reported on the income statement cogency not have been paid. You could review the balance sheet changes to determine the facts, but the cash flow statement already has integrated all that information. As a result, savvy business people and investors utilize this important financial statement. A company also uses comparative statements to track gains, losses, and trends over a given time period. This allows that company to forecast future performance in order to make sound business decisions.Viewing and researching how a company did last social class, or the year before, or an average over the past five years can ease doubt, assist with finding solutions, and either make or break a companys financial future. References This is the site used for definitions under financial statements, http//www. investorwords. com/1957/financial_statement. html This is the site I read about each topic, some topics are in other topics. http//www. accountingcoach. com/explanations. htmlFinancial StatementIn this week, learning and understanding how import the financial account in the companys financial performance is very important in becoming a manager. This account, records all financial information to which management, creditors, stockholders, potential investors and regulatory agencies understand the financial consequences of a companys decision and actions. Whether the company has an increasing revenue or losing assets, the companys credit worthy ness, complying with taxation and regulation of the agencies and government, financial statement is data recorded of the companys activities (Cleaves, Hobbs, & Noble, 2012).In creating a financial statement, one must understand the three fundamentals. The first one is an income statement which commonly known as profit and loss statement. It shows the number of profits produced by the company over a given time, let say 1 year. By subtracting the sales or revenue from damage of goods sold to yield to profits. Balance sheet is the second statement which deliver a snapshot on a specified date of a firms financial position, giving its asset holdings, liabilities, and owner-supplied capital (stockholders equity).In an equation form, total debt (liabilities) plus total shareholders is equal to total assets. The total assets characterize the resources own by the company while liabilities and shareholders equity suggest how those resources had financed. By law, the company needs to report the amount of the companys numerous assets in the balance sheet by employ the actual cost of obtaining them to show the historical transaction at their cost. There are two types of analysis used in comparing information in the balance sheet, horizontal and vertical.Horizontal or trend analysis pertains to item b y item comparison with a number of quarters within a pecuniary year or other years. Vertical analysis uses percentage to compare an each item against total asset of financial statement. The last statement is cash flow recognizes the sources and expenditures of a companys cash. In measuring cash flow, we can use two approaches, statement of cash flows and give up cash flows or financing cash flows.Statement of cash flows identifies the bases and expenditures of cash that describe the change in the companys cash balance reported in the balance sheet. erstwhile the company has compensated all of its operating overheads and taxes and completed all of its investments, any residual cash is free to be dispersed to the creditors and shareholders. On the other hand, if the free cash flows are negative, manager will have to procure financing from creditors or shareholders (Keown, Martin & Petty, 2014).Financial StatementIn this week, learning and understanding how import the financial acco unt in the companys financial performance is very important in becoming a manager. This account, records all financial information to which management, creditors, stockholders, potential investors and regulatory agencies understand the financial consequences of a companys decision and actions. Whether the company has an increasing revenue or losing assets, the companys credit worthy ness, complying with taxation and regulation of the agencies and government, financial statement is data recorded of the companys activities (Cleaves, Hobbs, & Noble, 2012).In creating a financial statement, one must understand the three fundamentals. The first one is an income statement which commonly known as profit and loss statement. It shows the number of profits produced by the company over a given time, let say 1 year. By subtracting the sales or revenue from cost of goods sold to yield to profits. Balance sheet is the second statement which deliver a snapshot on a specified date of a firms financ ial position, giving its asset holdings, liabilities, and owner-supplied capital (stockholders equity).In an equation form, total debt (liabilities) plus total shareholders is equal to total assets. The total assets characterize the resources own by the company while liabilities and shareholders equity suggest how those resources had financed. By law, the company needs to report the amount of the companys numerous assets in the balance sheet by using the actual cost of obtaining them to show the historical transaction at their cost. There are two types of analysis used in comparing information in the balance sheet, horizontal and vertical.Horizontal or trend analysis pertains to item by item comparison with a number of quarters within a fiscal year or other years. Vertical analysis uses percentage to compare an each item against total asset of financial statement. The last statement is cash flow recognizes the sources and expenditures of a companys cash. In measuring cash flow, we c an use two approaches, statement of cash flows and free cash flows or financing cash flows.Statement of cash flows identifies the bases and expenditures of cash that describe the change in the companys cash balance reported in the balance sheet. Once the company has compensated all of its operating overheads and taxes and completed all of its investments, any residual cash is free to be dispersed to the creditors and shareholders. On the other hand, if the free cash flows are negative, manager will have to procure financing from creditors or shareholders (Keown, Martin & Petty, 2014).

Poetry essay

One of the most renowned American poets, named Emily Dickinson, was a woo man who seemed to be sad and depressed. Her poems had rootages of happiness but h slip ones heed most famous ones were about death. In the poem I felt a funeral in my brain she writes about how she imagines how her funeral will feel and look like. Dickinson use literary devices such as imaginativeness, similes, and alliteration to allow her theme of death and depression to be portrayed within the poem. Dickinson in her poem used imagery to create visual representations of dead h.She spoke about all of the people walking to see her at her own funeral. l felt a funeral in my b rain, And mourners, to and fro, Kept treading treading. The people constantly going in and out, never stopping, shows her hopelessness for herself, like the pain will never end, and it will all allow up to her death. The people treading back and forth are her depressed thoughts treading through her mind. The mourners and the pain they feel about the death of Dickinson are I n coitus to her actual pain thats going on inside her. The use of imagery at the funeral dispel y the theme of depression and death.The use of comparing ii things apart but togethersimiles, aids with the t hem of death and depression in Dickinson poetry. The funeral is compared to a beat of drum. A service like a drum. The beating of a drum is like the beating of all of her thoughts constant TTYL going through her mind. All these thoughts that keep beating within her brain, lower to all fee el the same, and soon becomes numb to it all. The use of similes comparing the outmoded wit h Dickinson inner world is a manifestation of the theme of death and depression.Dickinson in her poetry uses same consonants sounds written together to allow for her theme to be emphasized. She writes about her body being put down into the establish . And I dropped down and down. The repetition of the consonant D in this case highlights, t he pain slowly gettin g worse and worse. Dickinson mind folding within itself, going into Dee per worlds of pain. Going deeper and deeper into the ground, or her mind, shows her lie nation from the outside world and only focusing on her pain, and not allowing for her self to g et better, and instantly just getting into a deeper depressed state.Alliteration allows for he r theme of death and depression to be portrayed across in her poetry. Emily Dickinson seemed to be a woman who has a great deal of depression n, and thoughts about death. In her poetry she creates the visual representation of her pain. S he compares in smart set to portray the depression. Using the same consonants allows for her feelings of pain to be emphasized. Dickinson, with the use of literary devices, allows her pain and h err thoughts about death and her depression to be explicit within her poetry.

Analysisng the Print Media Coverage of Birtish Football Players Essay

Analysing the print media coverage of professional football racy players British magazines and newspaper coverage of womanish players and officials in the wo workforces crack league and females in football. Introduction The following inquiry analyses coverage of womens football and women involved in football in both nationally and locally distributed magazines and newspapers. The focus of the research looks at how the journalists refer and find the womens performance through interviews, writers columns and match reports, it is a long term study looking at data from October 1995 until the present day.With the recent introduction of a womens super league and the existing premier league, most of the data revolves around these leagues, although in that location atomic number 18 also interviews with officials involved in overseeing the mens game. The investigation found an extremely unequal balance in coverage between men and womens edition, particularly football. When it was p ropertyd in a much general audience magazine such as four Four Two or You magazine, in that respect was often course credit to the womens appearance, partners and family life, as well as the mans game.Alternatively in match reports featured in team limited publications such as programmes and fanzines there was much fewer references to the male game and a greater focus on skill and performance. Methodology Data appeal The magazines and newspaper obliges collected came from widely circulated publications including the Liverpool football club magazine, Four Four Two magazine and You magazine a supplement publication from the Mail on Sunday.The audience for these magazines atomic number 18 generic and not aimed particularly at one gender, although that is not to say both genders ar equally the likes ofly to exhibit it. The chromosomal mutation particular magazines be mainly focused on mens football and representatively to a greater extent men take an interest in football and are likely to buy the magazine. However it does feature articles ab go forth womens sport. With the recent introduction of the womens super league the focus of much of the in the more contemporary articles has been on this, however there are articles from 1995 until the present day.Sampling The data was chosen from a selection of publications that had been collected from 1995 until 2011, the articles that featured womens football were found and the ones that had sufficient information about the team and the games they were involved in rather than just mentioned or the fixtures were used. The articles predominantly contained Liverpool ladies, although England, Everton and Chelsea teams were looked at along with an interview with a female official.The limitations of the sample are that most of the coverage comes from Liverpools match day programme and given the late start of the womens season there has only been recent coverage of the current season. Also there are only relativel y few articles in the publications and the collection was not exhaustive so some articles may have been missing from the archive, particularly away games and several months issues of Four Four Two. Data analysis After the data was collected it was read over and a content analysis was carried out, looking at lexis choices, tone and attitude of the writer to contendds the female athletes and officials.Points of interest and themes were highlighted in the articles, particularly the address of the female athletes, reference to the mens game, and any sexual references. In articles containing interviews the questions put to the footballers were looked at for interviewer bias looking at any agenda the writer may have for presenting the womans game. The articles are in the appendices. Analysis Looking at the names of the teams involved in womens premier league and super league is perhaps the most obvious form of subjugation within football.Names such as Millwall Lionesses, Doncaster Rover Belles (LFC programme 11th April) and Leeds City Vixens are part of the womens football league horizontal the national team are known as the three Lionesses (You magazine 11th March) or the Australian national team the Matildas (Four Four Two Oct 07). Other teams who just have the names of male football team names such as Everton are known Everton ladies, the name of the teams, although some may just be nicknames rather than official league names, put women in a lower position than men. minded(p) that the game of football is not naturally gendered, it is not a male game, the idea that there is a need to differentiate they are female teams is rather surprising. In articles such as the Echo article from the 21st April, there is only an initial reference to gender in the headline Dowie rescues a accuse for dominant ladies to prevent any confusion with the male team but throughout the rest of the interview, it is unbiased and simply refers to the players as members of the team, with references such as the Toffees or simply just Everton.In other magazines such as LFC weekly from the 12th April when talking about the start of the new season in womens football, the writer refers to the teams gender 60 times, 24 references to ladies and women 33 times. If the gender had been stated at the beginning of the article then there would be little debate to continue referencing the gender repeatedly throughout. The Everton programme from 11th December 2004 (LFC VS EFC) the womens team is referred to as the Girls in Blue, the word girls is usually used to describe a young female which conjures up ideas of inexperience and immaturity.However in this instance it does not appear that is the writers intention to imply the women are any little than the best, after all Everton are one of the consistently best performing womens team and it is in fact the only reference in the article about gender. It is more likely in this case, just a play on words adapting the slang reference to police as the boys in blue, McLoughlin (2000) looked at how magazines the writers expectations of women come through the text about what is accepted behaviour for women to do, football is gloss over fairly off limits to women.Ultimately this will have some part over the reader who may feel pressure to conform to norms in the media. Throughout approximately all of the articles the female players are referred to as ladies, although the competitions are the womens super league and womens premier league when the specific teams are mentioned they are called the ladies for example Liverpool ladies (LFC programme 10th Jan 98).This is an example of asymmetry not strictly because of the use of diminutive ladies but also the need to differentiate from the male game. It would seem that it is normalising football as a male game as Liverpool men or any other team would not be referred to as Liverpool gentlemen, Janet Holmes also looked at the loaded meanings of the word ladies in her 2000 study. Gentlemen is the antonym of ladies which conjures up the images of bravery and traditional ideas of gender, male ootball players would never be referred to as this as these are not the images that are desired for playing football, there will be leaven of respect and sportsmanship but it is a competition and a contact sport that has some level of controlled aggression and fierce competitiveness. Yet the women are referred to as ladies, this conjures up images of a reserved, gentle fairer sex, however they are just as capable of playing a hard tactile game.Therefore the programme from October 1995 ladies fight buns, title is almost an oxymoron as ladies and fighting are not compatible images. While a feminist may take offence at the reference to womens football as ladies, given the context it would seem that writers are not trying to demean women by using it and it would appear the women they are referring to are happy to be known as that, or surely by now the strong women in the game would have done something to have this changed. later on in the same programme the divide is march on noted when the journalist writes first-ever womens derby match to be played at our famous scene of action, it is a common feature that jejuneness teams play big games at Anfield even testimonials with male celebrities, yet it is made to be an honour at the estimation of a womens game occurring there, what is made worse is the description of the ground our famous stadium, this gives the impression it is solely for the mens team, the fans, the writer, almost everyone except the womens team, who should feel rightd to play at the ground.Messner and Duncan (1993) believe that sport media are wary of changing the coverage of womens sport as it would challenge the male hegemony, this is also supported by Hardin, Lynn and Walsdorf (2005) and Curry, Arriagada and Cornwell (2002). With the recognition of womens football by FIFA only happening in 1991 according to the October 2007 Four Four Two interview with the England team, the female game is still very much emerging. However women have been playing football and taking part in sport for centuries.By highlighting this is only the second world cup England have qualified for. He is raising the issue that the sport was only recently prize yet taking away from the womens achievements by bringing up the point that they hadnt qualified many times before. As it is stated further in the magazine they have to balance having full time jobs and preparing for the biggest tournament of your lives, it is hardly surprising that they do not qualify as often as the men do as most of the players must remain amateur and the two games annot realistically be compared. The emergence of sports such as football has derived from local games that took part in closures as looked at in work by Reiley (2005) and Gerhadt (1993) mob games where two neighbouring villages would compete to get an object over the boundary into their v illage in order to win the game.These were very violent and thought of as no place for ladies to be, as the governing bodies developed from the public school systems like Rugby and Eton where the boys would take the village games and refine them, it was still very much a boys world as at that time girls schools would not have promote these type of games. It was once thought that if women took part in sport it would impact on their child baring abilities. Eventually women were introduced to non contact sports such as lawn tennis but it took many more years before they began to play more aggressive sports.Many of the male teams that are in existence today such as Everton and Arsenal were developed from churches and factories for social reasons around the time of the industrial revolution, there is evidence of womens teams developing slightly later during the times of war as the men went to fight and women were left behind to run industries, at the same time they started up their own teams, however it is only within the stand firm 20 years that FIFA recognised the women in the sport.With the introduction of many modern womens football leagues and competitions and the use of female officials in the male game, it would appear that womens teams are receiving a much greater coverage in the media. In mainstream football magazines such as Four Four Two and LFC magazine womens football has featured over the last 16 years, however it appears only now that it has become somewhat of a regular feature.While the mens team, the reserve and youth teams have always had a weekly place in the Liverpool programme, with its own section womens sport seemed confined to the occasional feature in the community section. Stories from 1995 until more recently have covered the occasional trivial story such as the womens team working with a school tournament shown in the October 1995 girls shoot it out extract. Little emphasis was put on the teams performance, rather the feeling that by application this story Liverpool are showing what a caring club they are.Other features within the community section have been the clubs charity work internationally and with children with disabilities, by clumping the womens team in with these stories it suggests that they are not on the same level as the mens game and it is almost a privilege to be featured along with the main team, that the coverage of the womens game is almost charitable. While some may argue that the programme is insurance coverage on the events of the mens first team and this may be why the women do not feature frequently, then surely the features of the reserves and youth team games should be only covered occasionally.Slowly this does appear to be changing, although the womens leagues only start the season after the male counterparts, in the swear that the male game does not over shadow the womens game, womens football has featured in the recent Liverpool programme every home game recently and it has also m oved from being covered in the community section to the news (see Liverpool vs. Manchester city April 2011). However when it does feature in the publications however it is rarely a full rapscallion, often less than a quarter of a page as in the Liverpool programme (October 2008 LFC vs.Portsmouth) within a 82 page magazine, although the LFC weekly featured a 4 page article in a 50 page magazine. It would appear female footballers are finally gaining more acceptance in the media. Sexualisation of females within mens magazines such as nuts and zoo is a common feature, the main reader of football specific magazines are men, so it may be expected that women are also portrayed as sexual objects in them.However this does not appear to be the case for much of the features found in the media, although there are still some examples of it. The interview with the England team in Four Four Two from 2007 dialogue to the women about their chances in the world cup, the interview asks questions s uch as the Australian womens team the matildas posed nude for a calendar. Would you ever consider doing overly? , another example of this is the interview in you magazine when the writer refers to the team as the group of leggy and enviably toned young women, women may be viewed as sexual objects in some of the male dominated readership magazines as a way of gender commodifcation an idea supported by work by Whannel (2000), a way of conforming to male ideals that in buying the magazine about football and sexualised women they are becoming more manly, that it ok to view women as objects men are the dominant gender, magazines and the media have some part to play in the socialisation of todays youth according to Wilemsen (1998), he even believes magazines widen the gap and differences between the genders. It is good then that the female athletes and officials are being covered about their roles in the mass media, but there is still some way to go to completely remove the gender stereo types and bias.Although saying that, there are many interviews featured in magazines with male sports stars that objectify images of them and ease up judgement on their physique, for some this may seem a positive move that women have the same powers over men but it may be better to feature women in the female magazines that other women can look up to and aspire to be like.It would also appear that coverage in a magazine that is aimed more at women but a more generic audience, You a supplement with The Mail, recently did a feature of the England team also discussing their chances at the world cup. Throughout the interview with the individual players they were given a small character description such as the captain or the veteran which are acceptable as they describe their role and dedication to the sport, however others were described as the young mum or the Beyonce fan, while this style of describe may be to normalise the girls and create a bond between the player and the reader w ho may have similar attributes, it also implies that they are doing something out of the ordinary and taking away from the girls sporting achievements by feminising and trivialising them.

Talk Show Example Script

HIGHER label TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Para word Effectively Introduction Paraphrase is a verb which federal agency to re-write a phrase or sentence with the aforementioned(prenominal) pith but using antithetical words. Paraphrasing is a very important achievement for most English tests, including TOEFL iBT, IELTS and TOEIC Speaking and Writing. In TOEFL iBT, for instance, paraphrasing is an important skill in the reading section, in the listening section and, above all, in the speaking and writing sections of the test. Here is a quick example of paraphrasing using a phrase from the paragraph above 1. Paraphrasing is a very important skill for most English tests. 2. For many tests of English, being skilful at paraphrasing is extremely important. Notice how the paraphrased random variable (sentence 2) veers some style (e. g. , extremely for very), changes the word order (e. g. , tests of English for English tests) and changes the grammar (e . g. , being skilful at paraphrasing for Paraphrasing is a very important skill) These atomic number 18 the three main ways to paraphrase and by combining all of these methods, you elicit achieve clear and accurate paraphrased sentences.The next sections willing nip at these methods in more detail. Paraphrasing Method 1 Use Different Vocabulary with the Same Meaning Most students try to use this method, but truly it can be difficult to use. The reason is that although English has many synonyms such as large or big, it is unusual for these words to have precisely the alike(p) meaning. So, if you try to use a lot of synonyms when you paraphrase, you might produce sentences that are non natural English. Unnatural sentences are likely to reduce your nominate more than small mistakes because the reader may not understand what you are trying to say.For example, look at this original sentence and two paraphrased equivalents 1. It can be difficult to choose a suitable place to stu dy English. 2. It is often a challenge to pick up (x) a relevant (x) school to gibe English. 3. It is sometimes hard to select an appropriate place to learn English. For non-native speakers, these three sentences might look like they have the same meaning. For native speakers, however, sentence 2 is unnatural. The first problem is pick up. This expression does NOT have the same meaning as choose, so this part of the paraphrased sentence is accreditedly wrong.The second problem is the word relevant. In some cases, relevant and suitable are good synonyms but in this example they are not This article is copyright high Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any play without permission. www. higherscore. ca emailprotected ca HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively close in meaning at all. Sentence 3 is a much fall apart paraphrase of sentence 1 because all of the words have the same meaning.The best ad vice is to follow the 100% rule for using synonyms only use a synonym for a word if you are 100% certain that the new word has 100% the same meaning as the original word. If you are little than 100% certain, keep the same word and use either method two or method three to paraphrase your sentence. Paraphrasing Method 2 heighten the Order of Words Changing the word order of a phrase or sentence is usually safer than using synonyms because the words are the same, so the meaning must be the same.However, it is not always easy to decide which words to bleed or to decide to which position the words should be moved Also, when you move a word you might need to change some other words, add some other words or cut some other words to ensure that the new sentence is grammatically correct. Here are two suggestions for how to change the word order without making errors a. If the original sentence has two or more clauses, change the order of the clauses. 1. If they have some help, most people can paraphrase effectively.However, practice is important because paraphrasing is difficult. 2. Most people can paraphrase effectively, if they have some help. Paraphrasing is difficult, however, so practice is important. b. If the original sentence has an adjective and noun, change the adjective into a relative clause. 1. Writing essays can be a challenging task. 2. Writing essays can be a task which is challenging. Paraphrasing Method 3 Use Different Grammar It sounds very difficult to use different grammar, but actually it is easier than changing vocabulary.In addition, if you change the grammar and make an error, usually the reader will understand what you mean. However, if you change the vocabulary and make an error, often the reader will not understand what you mean. So, although changing the grammar has some advantages, it is still not easy and you should practice it as often as possible. Here are two suggestions for how to change the grammar without making errors This a rticle is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any devise without permission. www. higherscore. a emailprotected ca HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively a. Change some of the words in the original sentence into different split of speech (you will often need to change the word order and some other words, too). 1. The most effective way to build your English skill is to study regularly. 2. The most effective way of building your English skill is to do studying on a regular basis. b. If the original sentence is in the active voice, change it to passive or vice versa. 1. To change English, you should learn new vocabulary on a daily basis. 2. To improve English, new vocabulary should be learned on a daily basis Further Practice By using the methods and ideas given in this article, you should be able to improve your paraphrasing skill. In tests like IELTS and TOEFL iBT you will often n eed to paraphrase quickly, so you need to practice regularly if you are going to get better and faster. lift out by practicing each method individually and then begin combining the methods until you are comfortable at using all three of them.If you want to empathize more examples of paraphrasing, one of the best ideas is to compare two news articles about a current event in two different newspapers. The stories will tally most of the same details, but the sentences will be different. By comparing the sentences and paragraphs you will get more ideas about how to paraphrase and see some real examples. Newspaper websites are often a good place to see two different articles without paying for two different newspapers. This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. ww. higherscore. ca emailprotected ca HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively Useful Words T he following list defines some of the difficult words used in this article. A synonym is a word or phrase that has almost the same meaning as another word or phrase. For example, smart, clever and intelligent are all synonyms because they have almost the same meaning. If two things are equivalent, they are equal or almost equal to each other although they might be in different places.For example, the British anchor minister is equivalent to the United States president because both the prime minister and president are the most powerful politicians in their country. If somebody ensures something, the person makes sure that something is correct or true or OK. For example, if I am going on a trip, I will check my pocket to ensure that I have my passport. A clause is a grammar word that describes part of a sentence that contains a subject and a verb. Most clauses also contain an object or subject complement.Some clauses are reduced which means that subject (and sometimes the auxiliary v erb) are omitted. The phrase part of speech is used to describe the different types of words that are used in English. For example, noun, verb, adjective and adverb are four common parts of speech. The expression (and/or) vice versa is used to indicate that the opposite of something which was just mentioned is also true. For example, If the book is on the shelf, put it in the recession and vice versa means If the book is on the shelf, put it in the box and if the book is in the box, put it on the shelf. This article is provided as a palliate service to all test preparation students by Higher Score, Canadas number one test preparation centre. Students are welcome to send copies of this article to other students who are taking a test. However, this article may not be distributed in any other way without the express written hold of Higher Score. This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. www. higherscore . ca emailprotected ca

Examination of Some of the images Essay

Wilfred Owen fought throughout the First World War until the last week when he unfortunately died in combat. He must fix seen many people in shock from the horrors and destruction of war and that is why he composed a poetry about beat shocked soldiers. He said this about his poems My subject is War and the pity of war this poem is another example of this.It is apparent that Owen believed that the workforce are no longer human beings and that they are in fact called these. Since loosing their sanity he no longer thought that the people he saw were anything he could recognise Who are these? He was obviously shocked by what he had observed. He apply the word twilight to set an atmosphere for the rest of the poem. It shows what condition the soldiers were kept in because it was a dark area moreover it gives the whole place a spooky and chilling aura.Owen described the physical features of the circumvent shocked soldiers at the beginning poem in a cruel approach. Drooping spittle s shows the reader a visual shape of a unchanging man who could not control his body which meant that his tongue would fall out his mouth. Owen goes on describing the victims jaws that slob their relish the reader can imagine work force with their mouths open drooling non stop, al most(prenominal) as if their souls pee-pee left only to leave a body to fester. These soldiers must have looked repulsive for Owen to describe a human in this manner.It is obvious that Owen was confused by what he had seen, Baring teeth that leer like skulls teeth wicked. He could not ex field in a definite sentence how these soldiers became what they were or else he used language effects like alliteration to establish how the lash shocked soldiers behaved. Stroke on stroke of pain is a sibilance which slowed mountain the poem. It as well gives a harsh sound to signify the non-stop artillery which happened in battle. The writer is telling the reader that one cannot imagine what these people were fee ling. lungs loved laugh causes a sound of calm slurring to illustrate the groans of the mental as someone passed through them. It is a very affective approach in producing an image of motionless corpses groaning with madness.This quotation further emphasises the loss of thinking because they once enjoyed their lives only to be desecrated from war. The alliteration of m is used twice in Mental Cases memorymurders and multitudinous murders. The sound which this affect produced was a murmuring noise, perhaps making the reader think that Owen was contemplating something like the beginning of a finished war. He used murders because their souls had gone and were now insane.With the quotation heads wear this hilarious, hideous the sound which is created from it when read out loud is one of panting and gasping. This aptitude symbolise the noise of the shell shocked men, or even Owen was making a flashback of war on the front line with the image of a gas attack and soldiers trying to mak e air in their lungs. There is also an oxymoron in the sentence which shows that he was confused about why the men were in that current state of health. The most significant quotation which really makes the reader imagine what Owen would have seen isAwful falseness of set-smiling corpses. This image makes the reader think deeply about how much the shell shocked victims were disturbed by the war.There are many words and expressions in this poem which were chosen to make sound and also to put an image into the mind of the reader. Often these words make the flashback of the battlefield in which the men became shell shocked from. The phrase batter of guns shatter is an internal rhyme that gives a machine gun fire sound showing pain to the reader. The whole quotation of Batter of guns and shatter of flying muscles gives a sound of war description. It also portrays a very graphic incident of a person that was blown to pieces.It becomes apparent that in the second stanza that Owen is tryin g to work out why these men had become mentally unstable. In line fifteen he refers back to the thinking of the mental by saying Always they must see things and observe them. The vital word in this sentence is must it shows that because of their state he thought that they always get shocked by the thought of war. The poet displays his anger in the poem Carnage incomparable, and human squander. He detested the killing of lives and that included people who were no longer rational. Owen felt that if war never occurred the men that had loved laughter would had been healthy and young.In the last line of the second stanza he came to the conclusion of what happened to the men he had seen Rucked too thick for these mens extrication. Owen thought that the problems had gone too far, such as seeing many deaths, for the men to escape from it. The poet knew that these shell shocked men were tortured as every minute went by, still their eyeballs shrink tormented. In twilight the men could cope b ecause there were no flashes of light to distress them, the light might have symbolised the artillery and this would have meant that they did not want to go to war ever again Sunlight seems a blood-smear.Dawn breaks open like a provoke that bleeds afresh. The light symbolises the revisit of war for the shell shocked soldiers.Throughout the poem there are dashes in the poem such as -These are men whose minds the Dead have ravished. Each one of these sentences was written in a slightly different style to the rest of the poem as if Owen was being shown rung a ward full of victims of war by a doctor. In line twenty seven the poem says Snatching after(prenominal) us who smote them brother. Owen wrote this because he thought that the mad people were blaming the living (sane) for what had happened to them. In the last line it says, Pawing us who dealt them war and madness. This excerpt could have many meanings such as the shell shocked victims wanting revenge for those who made them turn insane. Further more, Owen is emphasising the pompous leaders as if they were the people inspecting the hospital realising what they had done. Of course, they had no idea of what hellish orders they dealt to those who fought in The Great War because they were not at the front line.The whole idea of seeing mental people meant that Owen could not describe the situation in plain English, everything is described metaphorically. The whole impression of the mental people was that they were in a nightmare (Surreal) which they had not yet awaken from. He included the horror, pity and after effects of war to show the reader how helpless men could no longer cope with Carnage incomparable which meant that, in the end, they just broke down.

Chocolate Research Paper

WOMEN STUDIES ECO-FOOTPRINT PROJECT Topic Cocoa Beans Production Process Chocolate is a key ingredient in many another(prenominal) foods such as milk shakes, candy bars, cookies and cereals. It is ranked as one of the nearly favourite flavours in North America and Europe. Despite its popularity most people do not know the unique origin of this popular treat. Chocolate is a product that requires complex procedures to produce. The process involves harvesting deep brown, refining coca plant to coffee beans, and shipping the coffee beans to the manufacturing factory for cleaning, coaching and grinding.These cocoa beans will then be imported or exported to other countries and be transformed into contrastive types of burnt umber products. Cocoa beans grow in countries like Cote dIvoire, Ghana, Indonesia, Brazil, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Malaysia, but the highest cocoa producing country is Cote dIvoire. The production process of cocoa beans include first, cocoa is harvested manually. The seed pods of cocoa be collected and the beans are selected and placed in piles. These cocoa beans are then ready to be shipped to the manufacturer for production.Cocoa grows in pods that spr proscribed off the short pants and branches of cocoa trees. The pods have the shape and almost the size of football. The pods start out green and turn orange when they are ripe. When the pods are ripe they are harvested lightly with machetes. Machines can damage the trees or the clusters of unravelers and pods that grow on the trunk, so counterfeiters have to harvest the pods by hand, using short, hooked blades mounted on long poles to exit the highest fruit. The cocoa seeds then undergo a process of ferwork forcetation by placing them in large, shallow, heated trays or by covering them with large banana leaves.If the humor is right, they may be simply heated by the sun. Workers mostly women come along periodically and stir them up so that all of the beans come out equally fermented. This process may take up to five or eight days. After fermentation, the cocoa seeds are dried before they can be scooped into sacks and shipped to chocolate manufacturers. Farmers simply spread the fermented seeds on trays and leave them in the sun to dry. The drying process usually takes about a week and results in seeds becoming cut to about half of their original weight.During the production process, labor is not equally divided between men and women who work in the planation this brings us to the issue of sexual activity division. The gender divide that exists on the cocoa plantation is that most farm work is conducted by men, although most certainly there are tasks where women are precise active, such as scooping the beans from the already opened husks, turning the beans during the fermentation and drying process, and sewing the jute sacs needed for the packaging of the dried beans. Women in the farms normally tend to the needs of the family.When womanly labor is hired duri ng the harvesting time the wages given to them are not the same as those for men. Perhaps another reason why men are preferred is because of their assumed higher productivity rate compared to that of women. Due to different practices followed in individual regions, even within countries, the participation of women and their assigned tasks switch enormously. For instance, because of the popular method of sun drying cocoa beans in Ecuador, it is necessary to clean the beans. This job is mostly undertaken by women.This is not the case in Ghana or Brazil where sun drying is accomplished while protecting the beans from foreign matters and waste. It is interesting to note however that there is no precise pattern for the assignment of tasks to women, draw off during the harvest when the scooping of the beans from the opened pods is primarily performed by women in most cocoa producing countries. Given the great differences in the systems of production in producing countries it is difficu lt to find a common percentage that reflects the average participation of the female work force.It is worth mentioning that unlike the coffee agricultural sector, there are no associations or specific groups that house women only involved in the cocoa sector at any level, although all associations and cooperatives are open to all who qualify. Due to fluctuation of cocoa prices in the world mart, farmers have no long-term security, and in some situations, they do not have enough funds to support their land business.Cocoa farmers are always faced with financial hardship they are not able to provide for their families as they would want nor have enough funds to start up their own farming business because they only receive a fraction of the proceeds from the selling of the beans on the world market and there are many people in the trading chain. Cocoa farmers around the world face many challenges. It is estimated that about one-third of global cocoa crops are destroyed by pests and dis eases every year. Many cocoa farmers have limited access to the latest agricultural technologies or methods of cultivation and few of them ave business backgrounds to help them effectively market their products and manage their operations. Many of the farming communities live in scantness and are infected with diseases. Industry groups, governments and consumers worldwide have raised concerns about the use of pesticides and claw labor on West African cocoa farms. An interview conducted by Christophe Koffi showed that one study(ip) problem that women in cocoa production encounter is the deficiency the of financial capability or backing due to the fact that most of these women find themselves in a male dominated occupation.It is very difficult for them to near financial aid or loans to manage their farms. For instance, Women cannot inherit or even create a cocoa plantation under our patriarch-dominated tradition, said Vanie, criticising what she called a back and misogynist prac tice (Koffi, 2008) because we still live in a patriarchal dominated society where women do not have the right to own lands and properties. This newspaper further talks about the sustanability in the production process of cocoa.We will be looking at Lindt& Sprunglis which is a family companionship and a major producer of chocolate and other cocoa products with a headquaters in Kilchberg, Switzerland. Lindt & Sprungli is one of the few chocolate stoolrs that have complete control over every footprint of the production chain starting with the precise selection of the finest cocoa varieties from the best growing areas in the world right on through the careful and ingenious processing until ending with the elegant packaging.Lindt gets its cocoa beans mostly from Ghana and Central and South America. Lindt has been very conservative in the amount of energy its invests in the chocolate production process. Each existing and future facility and investment undergoes very detailed analysis to determine how much energy can be saved. by better insulation and energy recovery, Lindt & Sprungli was able to cut down on energy consumption by more than 13% per ton produced between 2004 and 2010.The company intends to continue reducing the energy consumption rate per ton produced by an average over the coming years. According to the Lindt publication, The companys efforts since 1999, Lindt & Sprunglis Swiss subsidiary, Chocoladefabriken Lindt & Sprungli (Schweiz) AG, has been an active member of the Lake Zurich Energy Model GroupThe Swiss government and independent engineers have audited the progress and as a result, the Swiss subsidiary has been tending(p) the official certificate. Kilchberg, 2012) Since 2007, Lindt & Sprungli under water conservation has been participating in the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP)Since then, the measurements of water emissions and energy consumption have been largely establish on the concept of the Methodology Fossil Fuels set out in the CD P ProtocolWaste water, Lindt & Sprungli continuously monitors and analyses the use of water and the output of wastewater in the production process and intends to further reduce the use of fresh water in this process, which, in turn will impact the output of wastewater (Kilchberg, 2012) The major people that benefit from cocoa production are mostly the big corporations. The corporations exploit cocoa farmers in the sense that they do not pay them the on-key worth of their labour. Women who work on the farms are underpaid and marginalized. There is also the issue of child labor where children of school going age are forced to work on the farms instead of going to school thereby denying them the right to education. The big corporations are not forth coming in releasing information as to how and where they get their cocoa beans from.Most of these African countries where these big corporations get their raw materials from do not have access to good roads, health care facilities, schools, electricity, and there is poverty in most of the communities. These big corporations buy the cocoa beans at a very cheap rate and then import them to the western society and the bang-up product is processed into different kinds of chocolates (e. g. chocolate drink, chocolate bars of different shapes and sizes and chocolate candies etc. ) which are sold consumers at exorbitant prices considering the price at which the cocoa beans are bought from the cocoa farmers. This explains how capitalism and big corporation exploit cheap labour. Almost everyone enjoys a bit of chocolate every now and again. scarce if you take a closer look at how cocoa is produced, it may well leave a bitter taste in your mouth.The conditions under which the cocoa farmers in many producer countries live and work are worrying Despite the fact that cocoa is usually their main source of income, the families struggle to make a living from it. Child labour is not uncommon. As consumers we can work with NGOs to fin d means of helping the farmers to adapt to new systems of cocoa farming that result higher yields, under sociablely more acceptable and environmentally friendly conditions, to meet market demands and hence secure a stable flow income. As a major part of the global cocoa industry which has remained inactive and invisible for so long, consumers of chocolate can demonstrate that they want slavery in the cocoa sector stamped out, and your pressure can highlight their lack of commitment and make them more accountable.Finally all cocoa products, including chocolate, run the risk of organism tainted by child labour and slavery. To achieve a satisfactory standard of ethical production in chocolate consumers must help to ensure that companies commit to credible and sufficient actions against such things as use of child labour and the exploitation of cocoa farmers and not make false and unsustainable promises to consumers of being slavery- loose. The consumers can liaise with government bo dies and NGOs to negotiate fair prices for the purchase of cocoa products and this will in turn help the farmers to gain access to basic social amenities of life. Reference Page Archer, D. (2012).ADMs commitment to sustainable cocoa. Milwaukee Copyright 2012 Archer Daniels Midland Company . Clarkson, T. (1998). Anti-slavery. Retrieved November 15, 2012, from www. antislavery. org http//www. antislavery. org/english/privacy_policy. aspx Kilchberg. (2012, April 22). The environment in the Production Process. Retrieved November 13, 2012, from www. Lindt. com http//www. lindt. com/swf/eng/company/social-responsibility/lindts-sustainable-cocoa-supply-chain/ Koffi, C. (2008, November 7). Ivory Coast women defy taboos. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from iol News http//www. iol. co. za/news/africa/ivory-coast-women-defy-taboos-1. 423405

Black Bourgeoisie Essay

E. Franklin Fraziers Black Bourgeoisie was more prophetic than many realized. Frazier, who addressed the burgeoning black middle class, expressed fretfulness about the intra-class conflict vis-a-vis socioeconomic status of black folks. Frazier nones that the black middle class was in a rush by the 1960s to assimilate. During the Harlem Renaissance, charge W. E. B. Du Bois strategically included white judges on panels for their black literary competitions, in hopes that white approval would add luster to black achievements. This shift that occurred was not a mass or universal one.The black middle class was quiet down small and would not be catapulted until after the advent of Affirmative Action. check to the perspective of E. Franklin Frazier, the Black Bourgeoisie played an important role among American Negros for decades. Fraziers study led him to the significant of Negro Business and its impact on the black middle class. Education was a major kindly factor responsible for em ergence of the Black bourgeoisie. By fact, the net total number of the let off Negroes in the first generation topped out at 37,245 with an estimated accumulation of 50,000,000 in real and personal wealth before the civil war.Free Negroes in southern cities undertook businesses in skilled labor such as carpenters, tailors, shoemakers, wheelwrights, bricklayers, butchers, and painters. The failure of the Freedmens Bank contributed to the slow development of the black middle class when Blacks swan all their money into the Black banks and when they went under only forty percent of deposits were returned. Occupational differentiation is the change in work field for the Black class. A small professional group making up three percent of all workers had gradually become differentiated from the majority of Blacks.Occupational differentiation had proceeded easy because Blacks were accustomed to the agriculture field and not only until the migrations to the North were had had they introduc ed to the industrial centers. In addition the Depression played a role in slowing up the process. Black-owned businesses are primarily service establishments simply because of the refusal on the part of white establishments to provide personal services for Negroes. The debate over true liberalism among blacks still exists.I have found the upper black middle class to be far more conservative and less active towards civil rights and social policy of late. I am concerned that the black bourgeoisie is willing to shift its focus away from the liberalism that put them in their position for racial acceptance. I believe integration is vital to a liberal society as noted by my neighborhood, friends, and place of employment however, I do not retrieve the black middle class should play the conservative card that carries with it values, attitudes, and behaviors that do not represent progress for all minority groups. Sure 90% of blacks balloting in a solid block for the Democratic Party, but that block is not as tight as it used to be.

Intro To Exercise Science Notes

Movement of the body Adaptations to movement How has EXECS evolved? Role of Pays DE Harvard Fatigue Laboratory Krause-Weber test results professed(prenominal) associations American College of Sports Medicine (CACM) Developed as a unique blend of physical education, medicine, and physiology Provides significant universal outreach Works to shape public policy Disseminates scholarly research Broad-based coursework Anatomy and physiology Biological sciences Chemistry and biochemistry pitying development and psychology Mathematics and statistics PhysicsNervous system of rules Primary functions Control systems of the body Primary percentage neuron Responds to acute challenges of the body Important consideration in Disease conditions (e. G. Cerebral palsy) Sport performance (e. G. commanding movement) Afferent Nerves send signals to the brain Efferent Nerves send signals from brain to the organ/ tendon Muscular System Primary function Provide movement Primary component Types of musc le boney Cardiac Smooth muscle fiber Hypertrophy increase in size of muscle shrink decrease in size of muscleSkeletal System Primary functions Structural framework for the body Protects underlying variety meat and tissues Provides a lever system for movement Serves as a storage area for minerals Primary component minerals and cells bone Osteoporosis is a serious distemper condition bones get brittle/weak Estonian when bones get soft Cardiovascular System Transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, and drugs Removing waste products from the body Primary component heart, melodic line vessels, and blood Urinary System Elimination of waste productsRegulation of fluid volume, electrolyte composition, and pH Primary component kidney high blood pressure can be influenced by increasing the amount of fluid removed by the kidneys Endocrine System Regulation of physiologic function and systems of the body Primary components endocrine glands Development of insulin resista nce leads to a disease condition known as metabolic syndrome Go over the clustering of metabolic syndrome risk factors do Physiology Study of the functional and physiologic responses and adaptations that occur during and following physical activity and exercise.

Where Do We Go From Here

His psyche was birthed from his desperation, because his tiddler girlfriend was about to die, she would never experience a prom, or graduate from college. L dont know if she was destruction because she was a little black girl who may make water been walking in Sanford with skittles and iced tea, or if her medicament was too loud in Jacksonville, or if she was coming from the corner store in Ferguson moreover in the moment of desperation, Jesus heads to the location of his can. Im glad this evening, that Jesus will stop by the business firm and suffice and see about you Its at the location, that Jesus sets expiration on their mourning. Jesus says, The child is not dead. Shes sole(prenominal) sleeping.What they considered as fatal, Jesus sees as fruitful. Then Jesus gives her defense by fetching her by the hand and saying Daughter, Arise. For the hand of God protects me, it lifts me, comforts me, and secures me I need his hand. ill-considered interpretation 1 . As I clos e, I can hear Jarvis, the synagogue ruler, asking this alike(p) question which moved Jesus to the location of his house. And Im glad this evening, that Jesus will stop by the house and act and see about you Secures me and it comforts me biblical Reference countenance 5 21 -43 2.The disciples were on a boat in a storm and asked the question to Jesus C bets thou not that we go out? , sincerely meaning W here(predicate) do we go from here? . The storm is about to over take us, the breaths are trounce us in the face, the waves are swamping us in the boat and we are about to drown. Lord, Where do we go from here? Jesus goes from where he was asleep to the location where they were afraid. And at this location, he put the wind on expiration. Then gave them protection by saying Peace be still.Scriptural Reference Mark 435-41 Mary and Marshs brother Lazarus was dead and Martha was furious with Jesus and said, If you had been here our brother would not have died. Her social unit world was shattered at the loss Of her only brother. She essentially was crying Where do we go from here? But Jesus arrives at their location, and says show me where you laid him. At that location, Jesus gives expiration to the st adept, the in truth issue that was holding him back and keeping him bound, Jesus tells to them to remove.And finally, Jesus gives him protection by removing the grave apparel from him Scriptural Reference John 1 1 But I know that on one Friday From the sixth 9th hour, Jesus Christ died The world wondered and pondered, Where do we go from here? , the one that They put him in a location oaf borrowed tomb all night Friday Then expiration came early on sunshine morning when he got up with all Power in his hands. Because He got up he gives me protection everyday of my life The blood covers me And now, This calls for a celebrationWhere Do We Go From HereHis question was birthed from his desperation, because his baby daughter was about to die, she would nev er experience a prom, or graduate from college. L dont know if she was dying because she was a little black girl who may have been walking in Sanford with skittles and iced tea, or if her music was too loud in Jacksonville, or if she was coming from the corner store in Ferguson But in the moment of desperation, Jesus heads to the location of his house. Im glad this evening, that Jesus will stop by the house and come and see about you Its at the location, that Jesus sets expiration on their mourning. Jesus says, The child is not dead. Shes only sleeping.What they considered as fatal, Jesus sees as fruitful. Then Jesus gives her protection by taking her by the hand and saying Daughter, Arise. For the hand of God protects me, it lifts me, comforts me, and secures me I need his hand. Short Version 1 . As I close, I can hear Jarvis, the synagogue ruler, asking this same question which moved Jesus to the location of his house. And Im glad this evening, that Jesus will stop by the house an d come and see about you Secures me and it comforts me Scriptural Reference Mark 5 21 -43 2.The disciples were on a boat in a storm and asked the question to Jesus Carets thou not that we perish? , really meaning Where do we go from here? . The storm is about to over take us, the winds are beating us in the face, the waves are swamping us in the boat and we are about to drown. Lord, Where do we go from here? Jesus goes from where he was asleep to the location where they were afraid. And at this location, he put the wind on expiration. Then gave them protection by saying Peace be still.Scriptural Reference Mark 435-41 Mary and Marshs brother Lazarus was dead and Martha was furious with Jesus and said, If you had been here our brother would not have died. Her whole world was shattered at the loss Of her only brother. She essentially was crying Where do we go from here? But Jesus arrives at their location, and says show me where you laid him. At that location, Jesus gives expirati on to the stone, the very thing that was holding him back and keeping him bound, Jesus tells to them to remove.And finally, Jesus gives him protection by removing the grave clothes from him Scriptural Reference John 1 1 But I know that on one Friday From the 6th 9th hour, Jesus Christ died The world wondered and pondered, Where do we go from here? , the one that They put him in a location oaf borrowed tomb all night Friday Then expiration came early on Sunday morning when he got up with all Power in his hands. Because He got up he gives me protection everyday of my life The blood covers me And now, This calls for a celebration

Scholarly Writing Awareness

While the paragraph foc roles on the social reaction towards the development and evolution of computers by means of the historic period, the reader can immediately notice in the introductory destine that the beginning of the paragraph does not provide scholarly research to support the presumptive claim that at that place is the widespread availability of the individual(prenominal) computer. Had the author indicated a recognized research or study on the widespread availability of the own(prenominal) computer, the claim that such a widespread phenomenon has been one of the greatest breakthroughs in the past 50 years could drive easily been upheld.Further, substantiating the claim that such a widespread phenomenon has been a breakthrough would have also played a contributing role to the latter arguments stated in the paragraph. The second sentence in the paragraph indicates that the personal computer is a powerful learning tool because of two principal(a) stated reasons one is its revolutionizing influence on commerce and education, and two is its effect on the very management everyone conducts his or her daily lives. While it is good to indicate the reasons behind qualifying the personal computer as a powerful learning tool, the author failed to take note of the former(a) influencing side of the personal computer, which is that the use of it has also already turned into an addiction to some people that it has altered their ways of dealing with other people. The exposition of the other side of personal computers is important so as to avoid bias in writing an essay with a scholarly voice.Inasmuch as it balances the pros and the cons pertaining to personal computers, providing a view of both ostracize and positive influences of these tools is equally significant as it gives the reader a broader understanding of the issue at hand. Moreover, the 3rd sentence of the paragraph shows the hasty generalization of the author by denying the fact that on that po int still ride out significant debates surrounding the digital divide between those who could afford computers and those who could not. By neglecting that fact, the author then final payment to assert the claim that poor people can now pen enough to buy their families a computer for home and school use. In writing scholarly papers, one should avoid using feeling as a premise or evidence for further arguments as it weakens the very arguments of the author. The opinion that there is almost no more digital divide is not enough to stand as a factual evidence and to support the claim that less fortunate individuals can now actually save enough money for them to be able to purchase personal computers.If the target audience of the author is a group of people who experts or who have sufficient knowledge on the effects and history of personal computers, it is highly probable that the audience leave be unable to connect with the statements of the author precisely because there is little evidence used to back-up his arguments. Worse, the audience might simply disagree with the author, with the latter failing to convince the audience or failing to send his message across effectively.If, on the other hand, the audience of the author is a group of individuals who have little to no background knowledge about personal computers and are expecting an objective presentation of ideas from the author, it is most certain that the tendency is for the audience to believe in the claims of the author and, eventually, tie these beliefs as close to being treated as facts.Both of these two instances are not applaudable as far as scholarly writing and scholarly voice are concerned because both fail to consider the fact that the authors writing should be fair and objective, or should succumb no bias and should make use of accepted facts. In essence, the substance of the paragraph can be improved by citing facts and removing opinion. Doing both things can give the paper and the au thor more credibility and will not be suspect of unsound arguments and invalid points.

EBI Special Order Analysis

This case study focuses on a business hazard that has recently been offered to the Earth Baby Inc. (EBB). It concerns a business proposal that will increment the companys sales dimensions while also adding integral quality to its value chain through an alliance with a retail discount business, I. E. Great Deal Inc. (GUI).This analysis will take into consideration one or more than strategic measures that should perhaps be taken by EBB in order to abet in identifying and mainlining risk and in order to insure that the proposed business agreement is in the best engross of the company. Aside from the more familiar decisional strategy which has always proven to be reliably effective, e. G. , a smut fungus Analysis, an examination of the possible benefits arising from the use of an available heuristic program approach that utilizes- antepast and hindsight Judgment parameters-will be discussed.Keywords EBB, GUI, SOOT, availability heuristic, hindsight bias, foresight knowledge The pr oposed opportunity that has gratuityed itself to EBB entails increasing the companys market share of baby food products through Gelds distribution chain and there resources. The proposed venture will offer EBB an increased profit percentage scarcely if the company agrees to alter its current food processing formulas as well as turn-over a upstanding portion of its branding rights to GUI.It is in the best interest of EBB at this time to conduct a comprehensive risk analysis with involves to the changes that will be made concerning the impact upon Bis bleak product formula, bare-ass business environment and customer base along with branding techniques, marketing strategies and supply chain activities. encounter Analysis Conducting a thorough SOOT analysis would be advisable at first in order to assess Bis internal strengths and weaknesses and how they will measure up against the- opportunities which may inadvertently turn into threats-with consider to the changes that will oc cur within Bis newly adopted business environment.EBB will be challenged to weigh those resources that wangle up the force behind its competitive advantage(s) because it will be risking the success of its current business strategies against the subject matter of those changes that will impact it, should the company accept Gelds proposal (Bateman & Snell, 2009). Bis management might consider backing up the information it garnered from a SOOT analysis with another method that examines the potential of risk involved with regard to opting for a reconfigured or otherwise entirely new and untried business strategy.A method that undertakes the available heuristic approach has been shown to provide business decisions makers with unique way -if optimal results are obtained- of incorporating intuitive Judgment-, referred to as-hindsight bias- and integrating the more positive properties of this mind set with more quantifiable intellectual data referred to as -foresight knowledge- with respe cts to formulating new strategies under the constraints of various risks.This method gauges the two schools of thought by measuring and matching up- and then part and mathematically analyzing -the positive relationships between probable outcomes of certain risk factors, as in this case-they may bring up to and/or have- significant bearing on a number of business decisions, their outcomes, and their consequences based primarily upon their -perceived and qualitative- skill to risks.Conclusion Although at this Juncture, Bis decision to employ the use of the availability heuristic may seem precarious, however the opportunity to identify and neutralize the risks of he proposal while also discovering some new and innovative strategies does present itself. A safer strategic analysis could be provided through the use of one or more of the conventionally known analytical tools, e. G.SOOT or Porters Five Forces. In any event it would be within Bis genuinely best interest to thoroughly inv estigate all the avenues of risks as well as opportunities before qualification a final decision to accept Gelds business proposal.

Hospitality Essay

From a sustenance and drink carriages perspective Why is managing the diversity of an planetary sustenance and drinkable operation so grand? Discuss this by using a system, or process, or method and/ or techniqueIn the cordial reception industry, managing the diversity of international forage and drink operation which is important from a diet and beverage managers perspective disregard improve the quality of the hospitality serve, reduce high disorder in hospitality management and make more profit from the food and beverage operation. Hospitality work force is consisted of various population and visible and non-visible differences which be included gender, age, background, culture, religion, race, disability, personality, and work style. According to this, the establishment of processing food and beverage operations is able to progenyively manage people who work in hospitality oeuvre. And likewise, the hospitality procreation and training tin can provide hospita lity worker an opportunity that improve themselves and take in the diverse workforce.Jones (as cited in Igram, 1999) indicated that operations concern the way that organizations deliver their product/ proceeds to the consumer (p. 142). This is the key of concerning for the effective figure hospitality. Johnston (as cited in Igram, 1999) indicated that the operations could be divided into ternary activities customer processing operations, information processing operations and product processing operations. As manager moldiness understand these three activities which reflect employees how they plan and dominate the processing operation. Thus, effective hospitality operations must incorporate planning with technology and people management. Furthermore, Mullins (as cited in Igram, 1999) pointed that hospitality operations atomic number 18 heterogeneous group, but they share a number of common characteristics.For example, thither are a wide range of skilled staff required, but ther e are also high numbers unskilled staff needed most employees are from divers(prenominal) countries, they have different background and use English as second language there is a large attribute of female, part time, casual staff. Due to this situation, the labour mobility and turnover are high. Thus, managing diversity in food and beverage operation must need a perfect system or an improved method as foundation. Systematic in the practice, planning and control of a food and beverage operation must be concerned by international food and beverage manager. And also, management of the operation systems within a food and beverage operation must be mattered by international food and beverage manager. What benefits will be brought into international food and beverage operation by understanding the systems? To sum up, there are three benefits. Firstly, control of resources which is implemented the systems inputs aim to reduce wastage. Secondly, efficient and effective operation can perfe ct international food and beverage table armed services by using systems processes. Finally, the systems outputs assure what goal the hospitality organization can achieve.The hospitality education and training can provide hospitality worker an opportunity that improve themselves and understand the diverse workforce. The hospitality education and training are the techniques which can complement the international food and beverage management. Lynch (as cited in Robinson, 2005) pointed that business management foci currently in vogue with hospitality and food and beverage operations education and practice (p. 70). In other words, in order to provide effective services to consumer, the hospitality organization will implement the food and beverage operations education and practice to operate and develop skilled and high standard staff. Ingram (1999) indicated that effective academic abilities (including abstraction, attention to detail, hair splitting) are not always found in conjunct ion with personal organization skills (such as planning, delegation, prioritizing tasks) (p. 146). Thus, the academic education implemented in hospitality organization can incorporate to the international food and beverage operations with staff.2 From a food and beverage managers perspective What are the important social occasion to consider when planning, designing and allocating blank shell for storage, preparation, outturn and service for a food and beverage operation.From a food and beverage managers perspective, the design and plan of a food service facility effect on the attraction from customers and on productivity of employees, and also on making profit from hospitality business. If facilities are poorly designed, customers will be inconvenienced and foodservices are inefficient. If a manager wants to perfect a food service, he/she must consider what requirements are needed when planning, designing and allocating space for storage, preparation, production and service for a food and beverage operation. The considerations will be the market and operational needs, the food production areas and equipment, sustainability and hygienics and health issue.As described above, first of all, as the operational needs, food service facility design will be the first consideration in planning space for food and beverage operation. The crack food service facilities design will appeal to customers and employees when manager plans space for production and service. Rodgers (2005) indicated that food service facility design is based on the principles of space efficiency, flexibility, product flow, food safety (sanitation) and ergonomics (p. 308). In other words, an effective food service facility design can provide safe workplace for staff and set up an environment for efficient operation flow of people and product. The facility can make employees work efficiently so that the organization can reduce the labour costs. Furthermore, the costs on facility maintenance are low. Finally, the maximum profit is gained from investment.Secondly, manager must consider the food production areas and equipment. An efficient workflow established can create a tight, smooth and productive food service operation. Afterwards, an adequate work space and suitable work sections are required to provide to employees. For example, kitchen space sometimes will be minimized in order to make more room for customers. That lead to the kitchen space is limited. The quantities of food can be supplied, however, the narrow kitchen design cannot provide employees enough room so that the food service will be delayed which dissatisfied the customers. Another thing that manager must consider is the kitchen layouts. Ninemeier (2010) indicated that work flow-the traffic patterns employees form as they go about their work-is another factor that muse be considered (p. 5). Different kitchen activities must be done in individual work situations. For example, as the figure below, it is a b akery kitchen. Different number stands different stations. Employees can follow the work flow step by step to prepare food. As we can see from the figure, the foodpreparation space must be divided into specific areas. The station 2-5 are the places which are for food preparation and storage. The station 1 and station 6 are used for washing and waste disposal. Due to this kitchen layout design, the food contamination will accrue and the food storage time can extend. As a food and beverage manager must consider of the food contamination.Figure 1 kitchen layout (Source Ninemeier, D. J. 2010)References listIngram, H. (1999). Hospitality a framework for a millennial review. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 11(4), 140-147. Ninemeier, D. J. (2010) Management of Food and Beverage Operations (2nd ed.). American American Hotel & Lodging Educational Foundation. Robinson, R. S. (2007). Plain Fare to Fusion Ethnic Impacts on the Process of Maturity in Brisbanes Res taurant Sector. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management, 14(1), 70-84. Rogers, S. (2005). Applied research and educational needs in food service management. International Journal of contemporary Hospitality Management, 17(4), 302-314.

HINDUISM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

HINDUISM - Essay ExampleWithin Hinduism argon a variety of schools and branches. The two schools that survived through the ages are Yoga and Vedanta. The surviving divisions are Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Smartism and Shaktism (Wilhelm, 1991). These numerous schools and branches take away been formed to accommodate a variety of beliefs and views of the Hindu system. each of the aforementioned schools and branches deal with different methods in which to enlighten the mind and lead a life of fulfillment.As aforementioned, Hinduism is the worlds third largest religion, as well as its oldest. In fact, m whatsoever Hindu documents and artifacts have been dated to the pre-Christ era. While there is no single founder of Hinduism, the roots of otherwise religions and important eras in time can be seen within it, such as Vedic and the beliefs during Iron Age India. Buddhistic philosophico-religious thought also influenced many of the Hindu traditions and beliefs (Eliot, 2007), especially in re gard to using yoga and meditation as ways in which to reach internal peace and happiness, as well as external enlightenment.Hinduism, though listed as being a religion, is anything but a religion. Hinduism consists of thousands of different religious groups that have evolved in India since 1500 BCE (Levinson, 1998). Hinduism is a way of life, consisting of numerous ways in which a person can better themselves. Therefore, it is unlike any other type of organized religion. Perhaps the only thing in common in shares with other religions is that it does not have any one founder, or any one founder that can be traced.However, the differences between Hinduism and other religions are many. There is no specific theological system or thought of a single deity. Hinduism does not have a central religious authority or a prophet of any sort. There is no one religious text or book that Hindus essential abide to the texts that Hinduism does contain are not meant to be followed as rules,

Changing the Electoral College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Changing the electoral College - Essay Exampleelectoral College is a process in which divergent executives are selected this is done by the people of the state such that they choose a number of persons sort out as electors. Further it is described that the elector is the one who participates in the electing of the executive. Why it is c wholeed as an Electoral College is because all these electors work as a unit in de destinationining the executive. Thus in the early 1800s, this term Electoral College came into common usage as the informal label for the group of citizens selected to cast votes for President and ill-doing President.Selecting the Electors is an important task to be understood. However in the United States this process for selecting electors varies throughout. Usually, the political parties name electors at their State party conventions or by a central vote from the designated committee. Electors are often chosen to identify their service and commitment to their pol itical party. The Electors may be State elected officials, party leaders, or even those person who have a political affiliation of some sort. Next the voters in from separately one State opt for the electors on the day of the general choice. As the functioning is different in each state therefore the electors names may or may not be shown on the right to vote below the name of the candidates running for President. Past Present ContrastIn the present circumstances the Electoral College certainly operates in a different civilization from the one that present in 1787. Nevertheless the Electoral College has exposed an astounding capability to adapt to young-day America. It may occasionally function in a different way than expected, but it still serves the political goals it was anticipated to serve. In truth, its process in modern times may be yet more valuable. Critics of the Electoral College charge that the countrys presidential election procedure does more to constrict the rig hts of individuals than to shelter federalism. In this framework, they often refer to the winner-take-all system regulated by more or less states, claiming that it causes the votes of several individuals to be superfluous. The 2000 election disputeAs this dispute goes, it could be seen that a Texan who voted for Al Gore in the 2000 election wasted his ballot for the reason that George W. Bush was awarded the states complete slate of electors collect to the winner-take-all regime.In a direct accepted ballot vote, critics note, these votes would not have been wasted, they could have instead been co-ordinated in the final national tally for Gore. Such points of views, however, are a bit untruthful. These votes were not wasted. They were nevertheless transmitted on the losing side of a popular vote inside the state.For this argument, if the 2000 election had been carried out establish on nationwide popular vote totals only, would people assert that any vote for George W. Bush was w asted just because Al Gore won the popular vote Surely this would not have been the part as the votes for Bush were cast in an attempt to win.Presidential ElectionsThe main outcome of Americas presidential election progression is to safeguard the liberty of individuals mainly those in small states and